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Book Description
A l’heure où les problématiques liées à l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux sont devenues prépondérantes, le système français témoigne de quelques insuffisances et ne répond que partiellement aux attentes de la Directive Cadre Européenne sur l’Eau. Partant de l’observation que l’introduction d’une perturbation influence l’ensemble du milieu qui mobilise en retour l’ensemble des équilibres physico-chimiques et biologiques pour revenir à un état stable, la seule prise en compte des valeurs intrinsèques des paramètres ne traduit pas de manière univoque l’etat d’altération d’une eau. L’un des objectifs de ce travail a donc été de montrer l’intérêt d’approches multidimensionnelles dans le cadre d’un suivi de qualité d’eau effectué sur le bassin versant du barrage du Cébron dont les eaux alimentent une usine de production d’eau potable. L’analyse en composante principale (ACP) de paramètres convenablement choisis permet ainsi d’identifier les processus environnementaux qui influent sur la qualité des eaux tels que les phénomènes d’eutrophisation, de lessivage des sols ou d’apports minéraux de type anthropiques, et de mettre en évidence l’impact prépondérant des processus liés aux matières organiques. Les données analytiques (pyrolyse-CG-SM, la fluorescence 3D, etc.) relatives aux extraits de matières organiques dissoutes (MOD) isolés par résines XAD ont ainsi permis de caractériser les fractions hydrophobes (HPO) et transphiliques (TPH) de la matrice organique. L’ACP menés sur ces résultats, notamment en ce qui concerne l’interprétation des pyrochromatogrammes, a, entre autres, mis en évidence l’importance des processus autochtones de production et de transformation des MOD. La filière de potabilisation abat prés de 75% du COD, notamment lors de l’etape de clarification et le COD résiduel se présente sous la forme de composés hydrophiles, réfractaires aux traitements, mais également issus de processus de transformation au cours de la filière.
Book Description
A l’heure où les problématiques liées à l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux sont devenues prépondérantes, le système français témoigne de quelques insuffisances et ne répond que partiellement aux attentes de la Directive Cadre Européenne sur l’Eau. Partant de l’observation que l’introduction d’une perturbation influence l’ensemble du milieu qui mobilise en retour l’ensemble des équilibres physico-chimiques et biologiques pour revenir à un état stable, la seule prise en compte des valeurs intrinsèques des paramètres ne traduit pas de manière univoque l’etat d’altération d’une eau. L’un des objectifs de ce travail a donc été de montrer l’intérêt d’approches multidimensionnelles dans le cadre d’un suivi de qualité d’eau effectué sur le bassin versant du barrage du Cébron dont les eaux alimentent une usine de production d’eau potable. L’analyse en composante principale (ACP) de paramètres convenablement choisis permet ainsi d’identifier les processus environnementaux qui influent sur la qualité des eaux tels que les phénomènes d’eutrophisation, de lessivage des sols ou d’apports minéraux de type anthropiques, et de mettre en évidence l’impact prépondérant des processus liés aux matières organiques. Les données analytiques (pyrolyse-CG-SM, la fluorescence 3D, etc.) relatives aux extraits de matières organiques dissoutes (MOD) isolés par résines XAD ont ainsi permis de caractériser les fractions hydrophobes (HPO) et transphiliques (TPH) de la matrice organique. L’ACP menés sur ces résultats, notamment en ce qui concerne l’interprétation des pyrochromatogrammes, a, entre autres, mis en évidence l’importance des processus autochtones de production et de transformation des MOD. La filière de potabilisation abat prés de 75% du COD, notamment lors de l’etape de clarification et le COD résiduel se présente sous la forme de composés hydrophiles, réfractaires aux traitements, mais également issus de processus de transformation au cours de la filière.
Author: Kader Gaid Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1786307847 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
Today, hundreds of millions of people drink contaminated water without knowing it. Yet water treatment technologies can effectively eliminate contamination and can supply urban and rural populations with safe drinking water in a secure way. For almost two centuries, the huge number of treatments available to guarantee water quality has grown alongside technological progress, the strengthening of industry norms and the reinforcement of consumer expectations. New treatment methods have been developed according to the advancement of knowledge and new sanitary regulations. This five-volume book sets out to clearly present the variety of treatments available along with their performance, limitations and conditions of use as well as ways to combine them to produce safe drinking water, which is a basic need essential to everyday life. The author shares his expertise acquired at Veolia, a company that is a world leader in water services and sanitation, desalination of sea water and the recycling of wastewater. Founded in France in 1853 to bring safe water to populations and to protect them from waterborne epidemics which ravaged cities, its history is intertwined with that of water treatment.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309170435 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.
Author: Howard S. Wheater Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139489720 Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Arid and semi-arid regions face major challenges in the management of scarce freshwater resources under pressures of population, economic development, climate change, pollution and over-abstraction. Groundwater is commonly the most important water resource in these areas. Groundwater models are widely used globally to understand groundwater systems and to guide decisions on management. However, the hydrology of arid and semi-arid areas is very different from that of humid regions, and there is little guidance on the special challenges of groundwater modelling for these areas. This book brings together the experience of internationally leading experts to fill a gap in the scientific and technical literature. It introduces state-of-the-art methods for modelling groundwater resources, illustrated with a wide-ranging set of illustrative examples from around the world. The book is valuable for researchers, practitioners in developed and developing countries, and graduate students in hydrology, hydrogeology, water resources management, environmental engineering and geography.
Author: Benjamin Coriat Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 9781781958131 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
After more than two decades of widespread hardship for most nations, what are the different paths available for them to resume steady growth and welfare? Will they actually succeed in building new growth models that meet the challenges of the present phase of internationalisation? This book attempts to answer these questions by analysing different perspectives and discussing the conditions for new national growth trajectories to emerge.
Author: Alfred D. Chandler Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191522570 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Business Strategy is becoming increasingly 'pluralist', drawing on the insights of different disciplines, and business practice in different parts of the world. This book brings together the work and ideas of leading international scholars working in the field under three main headings Technology, Strategy and Organization, and Regions. The purpose of the book is to explore from different perspectives the dynamic interplay between the technology of a firm; its strategies; organizational choices; and issues of place, region, and location. The contributors are Peter Hagström, Alfred Chandler, Takahiro Fujimoto, Richard Nelson, Nathan Rosenberg, Erik von Hippel, Cristiano Antonelli, Giovanni Dosi, Benjamin Coriat, David Teece, Gunnar Hedlund, Pari Patel, Keith Pavitt, Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi, Lars-Gunnar Mattsson, John Cantwell, John Dunning, Michael Enright, Masahisa Fujita, Ryoichi Ishii, Allen Scott, Orjan Solvell, Ivo Zander, J-C Spender, and Michael Porter. Together they address the challenge of explaining the long-run competitiveness of firms in an ever more global world. This book will be a benchmark for anybody wanting to keep abreast of leading edge strategic thinking.
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara Publisher: ISBN: 9780615928791 Category : Families Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251045411 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
The actual Code of conduct is also available (1996) (ISBN 9251038341).
Author: Yuri Biondi Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134122128 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
The book enhances current economic understanding of the firm as an institution and an organization, looking beyond the narrow boundaries of neoclassical economics to an interdisciplinary approach based on accounting and law as well as economics itself. It represents the first synthesis of the authors' research work on the subject and provides the groundwork for the development of a comprehensive framework centred on the firm as an entity. The volume starts with a synthesis and a critique of the current state of the different economic theories of the firm and further develops them through new insights and neglected lessons from different traditions of thought. The economic theory and analysis of the firm is given new life here by looking at the firm as a whole: as an institution and an organization, which has special functions and a distinct role in the economy and society.
Author: Audrey Demeusy
Author: Audrey Demeusy
Author: Kader Gaid
Author: National Research Council
Author: Howard S. Wheater
Author: Benjamin Coriat
Author: Alfred D. Chandler
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Yuri Biondi
Author: John Philip Grime