Applying Crop and Weed Competitive Dynamics for Weed Management in Soybean and Peanut PDF Download

Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 161

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Keywords: organic weed management, genotype selection.

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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Demand for organic food products has consistently increased for more than 20 years. Demand for organic grain has been particularly high, leading to price premiums of over double the conventional price. The largest obstacle to organic soybean production is weed management. The first investigation aimed at improving weed management in organic soybean tested the effectiveness of pre-plant rotary hoeing to reduce the need for multiple post-plant rotary hoeing. Pre-plant rotary hoe treatments included a weekly rotary hoeing four weeks before planting, two weeks before planting and none. Post-plant rotary hoe treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, and four post-plant rotary hoe uses. Weed control was increased with pre-plant rotary hoeing at Plymouth in 2006 and 2007 but this effect disappeared with the first post-plant rotary hoeing. Multiple post-plant rotary hoe uses decreased soybean plant populations, decreased soybean canopy height, lowered soybean pod position and decreased soybean yield. In another experiment, the effect of soybean population on weed control was investigated. This research was conducted in 2006 and 2007 to investigate seeding rates of 185,000; 309,000; 432,000; and 556,000 live seeds/ha. All rates were planted on 76 cm row spacing in organic and conventional weed management systems. Increased soybean seeding rates reduced weed ratings at 3 of the 5 sites. Increased soybean seeding rates also resulted in higher yield at 3 of the 4 sites. Maximum economic returns for organic treatments were achieved with the highest seeding rate in all sites. In a separate experiment, the effect of soybean genotype on weed suppression was investigated. Twenty seven genotypes were chosen based on varying seed sizes, leaf shape, and height. Genotypes were compared in weedy and weed free conditions. Canopy traits and percent ground cover estimates were measured in weed free plots. Soybean and weed biomass has harvested at 7 weeks after emergence. Differences in.

Author: Albert E. Smith
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351441833
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 758

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This work provides the fundamental information necessary for the development of weed management strategies for all the major US crops using concepts that can be applied worldwide. Weed management systems are provided for cotton, peanut, soybean, wheat, barley, oat, sorghum, rice, fruits, nut crops, and more. The dynamics involved in creating the best management approaches for specific types of crops are explained.

Author: Smith
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824795474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 768

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Book Description
This work provides the fundamental information necessary for the development of weed management strategies for all the major US crops using concepts that can be applied worldwide. Weed management systems are provided for cotton, peanut, soybean, wheat, barley, oat, sorghum, rice, fruits, nut crops, and more. The dynamics involved in creating the best management approaches for specific types of crops are explained.

Author: Robert L. Zimdahl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470290102
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 235

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For the past 20 years, the first edition of this text has been widely cited as authoritative academic reference. The latest edition continues the tradition set by the original book, and covers weed science research that has been published since 1980. This book aims to reduce the instance of research duplication—saving scientists and supporting institutions time and money. Not only does the second edition of Weed Crop Competition review, summarize, and combine current research; it critiques the research as well. This text has the potential to accelerate advancements in weed crop competition, which remains an important factor that affects crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to literature is often limited or nonexistent, will find the information in this text invaluable. Weed scientists, crop scientists, plant ecologists, sustainable agriculturists, and organic agriculturists will be well-pleased with this long overdue and much needed new editionWeed Crop Competition provides a unique reference that reviews, summarises and synthesizes the literature published concerning research on this topic. The first edition has been one of the most frequently cited sources in weed science for the past 20 years. The second edition covers the significant body of literature that has been published since 1980. Originally intended to survey existing research, the intent of the book is to reduce the instance of research duplication, thus saving scientists and their institutions time and money, and expediting advancements in weed crop competition, an important factor affecting crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to the literature is often limited or non-existent, find the information an invaluable resource. This long overdue and much needed new edition rejuvenates the tradition set by the original book.

Author: Guillermo R. Chantre
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030444023
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Weed management Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly important computer-based tools for modern agriculture. Nowadays, extensive agriculture has become highly dependent on external inputs and both economic costs, as well the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities, demands knowledge-based technology for the optimization and protection of non-renewable resources. In this context, weed management strategies should aim to maximize economic profit by preserving and enhancing agricultural systems. Although previous contributions focusing on weed biology and weed management provide valuable insight on many aspects of weed species ecology and practical guides for weed control, no attempts have been made to highlight the forthcoming importance of DSS in weed management. This book is a first attempt to integrate `concepts and practice’ providing a novel guide to the state-of-art of DSS and the future prospects which hopefully would be of interest to higher-level students, academics and professionals in related areas.

Author: Nick T. Harre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 182

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The popularity of growers using only postemergence (POST) herbicides for weed management in soybean was enabled by the commercialization of glyphosate-resistant soybean. Field experiments were conducted across four sites throughout southern Illinois in 2012 and 2013 to study the influence of early-season weed management strategies on soybean nutrient accumulation, grain yield parameters, and the acquisition of nutrients by broadleaved and grass weeds. Increasing periods of weed competition duration were established by removing weeds at heights of 10, 20, 30 or 45 cm with glyphosate. A weed-free treatment utilizing a comprehensive soil residual and POST herbicide program was included to implement a weed-free comparison. Two standard herbicide management strategies that simulate common grower practices were also evaluated for comparison: flumioxazin PRE followed by glyphosate POST and two sequential POST glyphosate applications. Averaged across all 11 mineral nutrients analyzed in this experiment, broadleaved weeds accumulated 149 and 108% more nutrients than grasses in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Competition from 20-cm weeds reduced the acquisition of N, P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Cu, and Zn by soybean in 2012; these nutrients in addition to K and Mn were reduced by the same level of competition in 2013. N and Fe were the nutrients in soybean most notably impacted by weed interference. Reductions in soybean grain yield were the result of competition with 30-cm weeds in 2012, and 10-cm weeds in 2013; while, both standard herbicide regimens yielded less than the weed-free treatment in 2013 only. Additionally in 2013, average soybean seed weight and grain oil content was reduced when weeds were not removed before a height of 10 and 20 cm, respectively. The rate of decomposition and nutrient release was measured for waterhemp and giant foxtail desiccated by glyphosate at heights of 10, 20, 30, and 45 cm in two southern Illinois soybean fields. Weed biomass was grown under greenhouse conditions to ensure homogeneity and litterbag methodology was utilized to track in situ mass and nutrient losses, expressed as a decay constant (k) regressed over time according to the single exponential decay model. The effect of specie and height both had a strong influence on the intrinsic properties of the weed biomass and the associated rate of decay. Concentrations of the recalcitrant cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were generally greatest as weed height (plant age and development) increased and with giant foxtail compared with waterhemp. Ca, Mg, and S concentrations were greater in waterhemp, while N was greater in giant foxtail. N and K concentrations decreased with increasing weed height. After 16 weeks, 10-cm waterhemp and giant foxtail detritus had lost 10 and 12% more mass compared to the 45-cm height. Decomposition rates revealed mass loss was highest for 10-cm waterhemp (kD = 0.022) and lowest for 45-cm giant foxtail (kD = 0.011) and this process was negatively correlated to the overall amount of cell wall constituents (r = -0.73). Nutrient release rates followed a similar trend in that shorter (younger) weeds and waterhemp liberated nutrients more readily. Across all tested plant material, K was the nutrient most rapidly released, whereas, Ca was the most strongly retained nutrient. Although the pressing challenge of managing herbicide-resistant weeds justifies the implementation of early-season weed control tactics, this research suggests there are ancillary benefits that are provided by this strategy. The use of a robust, broad-spectrum soil residual herbicide program in conjunction with timely POST applications provides the foundation for early-season weed management, thereby minimizing non-crop nutrient use and enhancing the nutrient acquisition capacity in soybean. This strategy facilitates more sustainable crop production by requiring fewer supplemental nutritional inputs while also protecting grain yield. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Author: Martin J. Kropff
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN: 9712200388
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 277

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Competition between plants for the capture of the essential resources for plant growth (i.e. light, water and nutrients) determines the performance of both natural and agricultural ecosystems. The topic has been studied extensively by ecologists and physiologists, leading to the development of several approaches to describe the outcome of competition. This book reviews these modelling approaches and their potential for predicting yield loss as a result of crop-weed competition. The authors provide a detailed description of the model INTERCOM and of methods to parameterize and evaluate the model using experimental data. Examples are given of how the model can be used to understand the effects of weeds on crops in field situations.

Author: Colton P. Carmody
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Double cropping
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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The agricultural practice of 'double-cropping,' harvesting two crops from the same piece of land in a single growing season, is a popular practice in Southern Illinois where growers often plant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) soon after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis L. Cronq.) competition and lack of control can cause detrimental effects on yield for double-crop producers in Illinois due to the development of multiple herbicide resistance in this weed species. To combat this problem of herbicide resistance, new herbicide-tolerant soybean technologies and new herbicide formulations have been developed, but these technologies will quickly lose efficacy unless stewarded properly. Therefore, our objective for this study was to evaluate the control of horseweed and other weeds and crop yield as influenced by weed-cutting height, herbicide treatments, timing of herbicide application in three studies (a greenhouse study and in-crop and non-crop field studies) with the goal of improving weed management in double-crop soybean. Data obtained from the non-crop study that focused on the evaluation of different cutting heights, herbicide treatments and application timings was observed to be significantly different by weed species evaluated: horseweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). Horseweed control and biomass accumulation was observed to be strongly influenced by cutting height, where cutting to 15 cm resulted in the greatest control efficacy and reduction in overall biomass irrespective of herbicide treatment used. While application timing following cutting in relation to control efficacy and biomass accumulation was only observed to be significant based upon the translocation properties of the herbicide applied, i.e. contact or systemic. Differences in the perennial weed species Canada goldenrod were observed compared to horseweed; cutting in combination with herbicide treatments resulted in a decrease in control compared to herbicide applications made to noncut Canada goldenrod plants. Data obtained in this study suggest that cutting in combination with the use of effective burndown herbicides may lead to increased control of certain weed species and could be a component of herbicide technology stewardship in double-crop soybeans. The in-crop study focused on evaluating yield potential of burndown herbicides in double-crop soybean systems. Observations from this study revealed that similarly to full-season beans, yield in double-crop soybeans was limited dependent upon the burndown herbicide programs ability to achieve broad-spectrum weed control. When effective burndown herbicides dicamba, glufosinate, and paraquat were combined with herbicides that possessed the ability to provide soil residual activity, such as saflufenacil, chlorimuron, chloransulam, metribuzin, sulfentrazone or flumioxazin, yield potential was maximized compared to these active ingredients applied as standalone treatments. Data from this study further stresses the importance of utilizing multiple effective sites of actions to achieve higher yields while maintaining good herbicide stewardship practices.

Author: Brian Keith Sommers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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