Application of Free-air CO Sub 2 Enrichment (FACE) Technology to a Forest Canopy PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
Forest ecosystems constitute an important part of the planet's land cover. Understanding their exchanges of carbon with the atmosphere is crucial in projecting future net atmospheric CO2 increases. It is also important that experimental studies of these processes be performed under conditions which are as realistic as possible, particularly with respect to photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. New technology and experimental protocols now exist which can facilitate studying an undisturbed forest canopy under long-term enriched CO2 conditions. The International Geosphere Biosphere Program of the International Council of Scientific Unions has established a subprogram on Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE). This program is driven by two major concerns: to be able to predict the effects of global change on the structure and function of ecosystems, and to predict how these changes will control both atmospheric CO2 and climate, through various feedback pathways. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a system for exposing field-grown plants to controlled elevated concentrations of atmospheric gases, without use of confining chambers that alter important atmospheric exchange processes. This system, called FACE for Free Air CO2 Enrichment. This paper focuses on the fluid mechanics of free-air fumigation and uses a numerical simulation model based on superposed gaussian plumes to project how the present ground-based system could be used to fumigate an elevated forest canopy.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
Forest ecosystems constitute an important part of the planet's land cover. Understanding their exchanges of carbon with the atmosphere is crucial in projecting future net atmospheric CO2 increases. It is also important that experimental studies of these processes be performed under conditions which are as realistic as possible, particularly with respect to photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. New technology and experimental protocols now exist which can facilitate studying an undisturbed forest canopy under long-term enriched CO2 conditions. The International Geosphere Biosphere Program of the International Council of Scientific Unions has established a subprogram on Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE). This program is driven by two major concerns: to be able to predict the effects of global change on the structure and function of ecosystems, and to predict how these changes will control both atmospheric CO2 and climate, through various feedback pathways. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a system for exposing field-grown plants to controlled elevated concentrations of atmospheric gases, without use of confining chambers that alter important atmospheric exchange processes. This system, called FACE for Free Air CO2 Enrichment. This paper focuses on the fluid mechanics of free-air fumigation and uses a numerical simulation model based on superposed gaussian plumes to project how the present ground-based system could be used to fumigate an elevated forest canopy.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
A maturing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest was exposed to elevated CO2 in the natural environment in a perturbation study conducted over three seasons using the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technique. At the time measurements were begun in this study, the pine canopy was comprised entirely of foliage which had developed under elevated CO2 conditions (atmospheric [CO2] ≈ 550 {micro}mol mol{sup −1}). Measurements of leaf photosynthetic responses to CO2 were taken to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on photosynthetic N nutrition in a pine canopy under elevated CO2. Photosynthetic CO2 response curves (A-c{sub i} curves) were similar in FACE trees under elevated CO2 compared with counterpart trees in ambient plots for the first foliage cohort produced in the second season of CO2 exposure, with changes in curve form detected in the foliage cohorts subsequently produced under elevated CO2. Differences in the functional relationship between carboxylation rate and N{sub a} suggest that for a given N{sub a} allocated among successive cohorts of foliage in the upper canopy, V{sub c max} was 17% lower in FACE versus Ambient trees. The authors also found that foliar Rubisco content per unit total protein derived from Western blot analysis was lower in late-season foliage in FACE foliage compared with ambient-grown foliage. The results illustrate a potentially important mode of physiological adjustment to growth conditions that may operate in forest canopies. Their findings suggest that mature loblolly pine trees growing in the field may have the capacity for shifts in intrinsic nitrogen utilization for photosynthesis under elevated CO2 that are not dependent on changes in leaf N. While carboxylation efficiency per unit N apparently decreased under elevated CO2, photosynthetic rates in trees at elevated CO2 concentrations ≈ 550 pmol mol{sub −1} are still enhanced compared to trees grown and measured at the current ambient CO2 concentration when compared at a common N status. The findings from this prototype study suggest a need for continued examination of internal feedbacks at the whole-tree and ecosystem level in forests that may influence long-term photosynthetic responses to elevated CO2.
Author: George R. Hendrey Publisher: CRC PressI Llc ISBN: 9780849387227 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
FACE provides a compendium of information on Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, the latest advance in technology for exposing field-grown plants to changes in atmospheric chemistry. The book presents the justification and mission of the DOE/USDA FACE Program, the historical development of various types of fumigation equipment and of FACE-type systems, a cost comparison for the set-up and execution of experiments using FACE and other types of systems, FACE design and performance data, and results of FACE experiments on cotton.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Research programs concerning the effects of Carbon Dioxide(CO)[sub 2] on cotton plants are described. Biological responses studied include foliage response to CO[sub 2] fluctuations; yield of cotton exposed to CO[sub 2] enrichment; responses of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to elevated CO[sub 2] in field-grown cotton; cotton leaf and boll temperatures; root response to CO[sub 2] enrichment; and evaluations of cotton response to CO[sub 2] enrichment with canopy reflectance observations.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Research Languages : en Pages : 1646
Book Description
Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
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Author: George R. Hendrey
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