Application of Conventional and Deep-Learning Methods to Address Rollover Crashes in Namibia PDF Download
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Author: Jeffrey Cailis Bullard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of serious injuries and fatalities globally. They also place unnecessary developmental and economic burdens on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as they account for most of the world's road related deaths. This is typically due to both the increased frequency of dangerous crash types and the increased severity of said crash types. Rollover crashes while quite rare are a particularly dangerous crash type among other various crash types. In the case of Namibia, rollover crashes reportedly accounted for 34% of both road related injuries and fatalities in Namibia for 2020. Therefore, it crucial to understand the contributing factors and their associated effects on rollover crash severities in these countries. This thesis aims to investigate the significant factors influencing crash severities and their associated impact magnitudes on single vehicle rollover crashes in Namibia by adopting a mixed logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach for 2014-2016 historical crash records. Additionally, roadside safety features such as paved road shoulder are a crucial component in the mitigation of these rollover crash types. While the lack of road safety features is an issue in LMICs, so is the ability to map the presence of said features. This a case study on the B2 highway in Namibia, aiming to classify images of the road according to the size of the road shoulder is also conducted. Google Street View images are labeled based to their road shoulder quality (none, up to two feet, larger than two feet). Based on the labeled images, we train a deep-artificial-neural-network to classify images according to those labels. Results indicate that rollover crashes in Namibia are influenced by several explanatory variables. Additionally, results from the deep-learning model have the potential to lower costs of mapping road safety features in LMIC.
Author: Jeffrey Cailis Bullard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of serious injuries and fatalities globally. They also place unnecessary developmental and economic burdens on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as they account for most of the world's road related deaths. This is typically due to both the increased frequency of dangerous crash types and the increased severity of said crash types. Rollover crashes while quite rare are a particularly dangerous crash type among other various crash types. In the case of Namibia, rollover crashes reportedly accounted for 34% of both road related injuries and fatalities in Namibia for 2020. Therefore, it crucial to understand the contributing factors and their associated effects on rollover crash severities in these countries. This thesis aims to investigate the significant factors influencing crash severities and their associated impact magnitudes on single vehicle rollover crashes in Namibia by adopting a mixed logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach for 2014-2016 historical crash records. Additionally, roadside safety features such as paved road shoulder are a crucial component in the mitigation of these rollover crash types. While the lack of road safety features is an issue in LMICs, so is the ability to map the presence of said features. This a case study on the B2 highway in Namibia, aiming to classify images of the road according to the size of the road shoulder is also conducted. Google Street View images are labeled based to their road shoulder quality (none, up to two feet, larger than two feet). Based on the labeled images, we train a deep-artificial-neural-network to classify images according to those labels. Results indicate that rollover crashes in Namibia are influenced by several explanatory variables. Additionally, results from the deep-learning model have the potential to lower costs of mapping road safety features in LMIC.
Author: M. Ayhan Kose Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464815453 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 403
Book Description
The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9282102963 Category : Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
This report identifies potential improvements in terms of more effective safety and environmental regulation for trucks, backed by better systems of enforcement, and identifies opportunities for greater efficiency and higher productivity.
Author: World Bank Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464816662 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 339
Book Description
The world economy is experiencing a very strong but uneven recovery, with many emerging market and developing economies facing obstacles to vaccination. The global outlook remains uncertain, with major risks around the path of the pandemic and the possibility of financial stress amid large debt loads. Policy makers face a difficult balancing act as they seek to nurture the recovery while safeguarding price stability and fiscal sustainability. A comprehensive set of policies will be required to promote a strong recovery that mitigates inequality and enhances environmental sustainability, ultimately putting economies on a path of green, resilient, and inclusive development. Prominent among the necessary policies are efforts to lower trade costs so that trade can once again become a robust engine of growth. This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects. The Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
Author: Mr.Tobias Adrian Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513520741 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
This paper explains specifics of stress testing at the IMF. After a brief section on the evolution of stress tests at the IMF, the paper presents the key steps of an IMF staff stress test. They are followed by a discussion on how IMF staff uses stress tests results for policy advice. The paper concludes by identifying remaining challenges to make stress tests more useful for the monitoring of financial stability and an overview of IMF staff work program in that direction. Stress tests help assess the resilience of financial systems in IMF member countries and underpin policy advice to preserve or restore financial stability. This assessment and advice are mainly provided through the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). IMF staff also provide technical assistance in stress testing to many its member countries. An IMF macroprudential stress test is a methodology to assess financial vulnerabilities that can trigger systemic risk and the need of systemwide mitigating measures. The definition of systemic risk as used by the IMF is relevant to understanding the role of its stress tests as tools for financial surveillance and the IMF’s current work program. IMF stress tests primarily apply to depository intermediaries, and, systemically important banks.
Author: Richard Robinson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482288206 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 539
Book Description
Developing countries in the tropics have different natural conditions and different institutional and financial situations to industrialized countries. However, most textbooks on highway engineering are based on experience from industrialized countries with temperate climates, and deal only with specific problems. Road Engineering for Development (published as Highway and Traffic Engineering in Developing Countries in its first edition) provides a comprehensive description of the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads in developing countries. It covers a wide range of technical and non-technical problems that may confront road engineers working in this area. The technical content of the book has been fully updated and current development issues are focused on. Designed as a fundamental text for civil engineering students this book also offers a broad, practical view of the subject for practising engineers. It has been written with the assistance of a number of world-renowned specialist professional engineers with many years experience in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Central America.
Author: Emizet Francois Kisangani Publisher: Scarecrow Press ISBN: 0810863251 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 718
Book Description
The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo looks back at the nearly 48 years of independence, over a century of colonial rule, and even earlier kingdoms and groups that shared the territory. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 800 cross-referenced dictionary entries on civil wars, mutinies, notable people, places, events, and cultural practices.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1616352477 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
The April 2012 Global Financial Stability Report assesses changes in risks to financial stability over the past six months, focusing on sovereign vulnerabilities, risks stemming from private sector deleveraging, and assessing the continued resilience of emerging markets. The report probes the implications of recent reforms in the financial system for market perception of safe assets, and investigates the growing public and private costs of increased longevity risk from aging populations.
Author: McDermott, John Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0896294226 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.
Author: Jeffrey Cailis Bullard
Author: Jeffrey Cailis Bullard
Author: M. Ayhan Kose
Author: OECD
Author: World Bank
Author: Mr.Tobias Adrian
Author: Richard Robinson
Author: Emizet Francois Kisangani
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Author: McDermott, John
Author: