Application de l'analyse d'images à la caractérisation géomécanique du massif rocheux PDF Download

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Languages : fr
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Author: John Hadjigeorgiou
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Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0

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Depuis 1994, 352 accidents provoqués par l'impact d'une roche provenant directement du massif rocheux ont été constatés dans les mines souterraines du Québec. L'objectif de cette recherche est de développer un système rapide et sécuritaire de récolte d'informations permettant de caractériser adéquatement la fracturation du massif rocheux. Le rapport décrit un système d'acquisition de photographies de parois rocheuses; une procédure d'échantillonnage des données nécessaires à la caractérisation géomécanique d'un site; un logiciel de construction de la carte des traces; et un logiciel de caractérisation géomécanique basé sur l'analyse de cartes de traces. Le rapport présente également les résultats de travaux de terrain réalisés dans une exploitation souterraine et à ciel ouvert afin de tester et d'ajuster le système proposé.

Author: JIXIAN.. XU
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Languages : fr
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LES DISCONTINUITES (FISSURES, JOINTS, PLANS DE STRATIFICATIONS, FAILLES, ETC.) DANS UN MASSIF ROCHEUX JOUENT UN ROLE DETERMINANT DANS LES COMPORTEMENTS MECANIQUES ET HYDRAULIQUES DE CELUI-CI. LA CONSIDERATION DE CES DISCONTINUITES DANS L'ANALYSE MECANIQUE OU HYDRAULIQUE NECESSITE UN MODELE PROPRE A LEUR DISTRIBUTION DANS L'ESPACE. LE BUT DE CETTE ETUDE CONSISTE A DEVELOPPER UN MODELE NUMERIQUE A DEUX ET A TROIS DIMENSIONS DE MASSIFS ROCHEUX FISSURES. LE MEMOIRE COMPORTE CINQ PARTIES: 1) DESCRIPTION STATISTIQUE ET SIMULATION DE DISCONTINUITES DE MASSIFS ROCHEUX; 2) ETUDE GEOMETRIQUE ET TOPOLOGIQUE DU SYSTEME DE DISCONTINUITES (CONNECTIVITE ET IDENTIFICATION DE BLOCS DISCRETS); 3) CARACTERISATION DE LA BLOCOMETRIE NATURELLE DE MASSIFS ROCHEUX; 4) MODELISATION D'ECOULEMENT DES FLUIDES DANS LE RESEA DE DISCONTINUITES OU DANS LE RESEAU DES INTERFACES DU SYSTEME DE BLOCS; 5) ANALYSE MECANIQUE DU SYSTEME DE BLOCS. LA PLUPART DES SUJETS PRESENTES SONT PROGRAMMES ET INTEGRES DANS LES LOGICIELS DISTAT, SIMBLOC ET EFRISB. LEURS FONCTIONS SONT TESTEES PAR DES EXEMPLES

Author: André Giraud
Publisher:
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Languages : fr
Pages : 204

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Le comportement géotechnique des massifs rocheux est principalement régi par leurs discontinuités. Celles-ci ont pour cause les déviateurs de contrainte et de déformation appliqués au massif tout au long de son histoire géologique. On en conclut que les caractéristiques mécaniques et hydrauliques actuelles d'un massif dépendent à la fois de ses particularités structurales acquises et éventuellement de contraintes s'exerçant de nos jours, notamment par suite du mouvement des plaques lithosphériques. L'appréciation de la qualité d'un site doit s'efforcer de combiner l'analyse structurale, les mesures in situ et, si possible, les données acquises par la sismologie. Une telle démarche permet de généraliser les résultats de reconnaissances par nature ponctuelles et de mieux comprendre certaines anisotropies mécaniques et hydrauliques. Des études de sites de fondation de barrages, en terrains cristallins et cristallophylliens, effectuées en Arabie Séoudite et dans les Pyrénées-Orientales illustrent la démarche méthodologique qui vient dêtre proposée.

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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 860

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Author: W. Petruk
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080527337
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Techniques of performing applied mineralogy investigations, and applications and capabilities of recently developed instruments for measuring mineral properties are explored in this book intended for practicing applied mineralogists, students in mineralogy and metallurgy, and mineral processing engineers. The benefits of applied mineralogy are presented by using in-depth applied mineralogy studies on base metal ores, gold ores, porphyry copper ores, iron ores and industrial minerals as examples. The chapter on base metal ores includes a discussion on the effects of liberation, particle sizes and surfaces coatings of Pb, Cu, Fe, Ca and So4- on the recoveries of sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. The chapter on gold discusses various methods of determining the quantities of gold in different minerals, including 'invisible' gold in pyrite and arsenopyrite, so that a balance of the distribution of gold among the minerals can be calculated. This book also discusses the roles of pyrite, oxygen, moisture and bacterial (thiobacillus ferrooxidans) on reactions that produce acidic drainage from tailings piles, and summarizes currently used and proposed methods of remediation of acidic drainage.

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Category : Geology
Languages : fr
Pages : 728

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Author: Noamen Rebai
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030211665
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 167

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This book presents most recent research studies on mapping and spatial analysis of socio-economic and environmental indicators used by various national and international contributors to regional development projects. It gathers the best contributions to the 1st International Conference on Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Socio-Economic and Environmental Indicators for the Local and Regional Sustainable Development. The conference was held in southern Tunisia, Tataouine in March 2015.The research studies focused on generating and analyzing indicators in various domains of Agriculture, Energy, Industry, Tourism, Transport, Urban Planning, Exploitation of Natural Resources, Infrastructure, Health, Environment, Education, Information and Communication Technologies, Social Affairs and Employability, and Culture and Sport. Socio-economic and environmental indicators are important in regional development plans and strategies as they allow to observe and analyze changes in the economic growth and to measure their impact on the environment and on social networks/daily life of citizens. On the basis of well-defined geomatic approaches, and particularly, through sophisticated digital mapping and spatio-temporal analyses, authors focused on retrieving indicators to evaluate the exploitation rate of natural resources, intensity of the energy consumption in various economic sector, net migratory flows, quality checking of the air in urban areas, adaptation to climate change, and vulnerability of the coastal domain and risk of marine submersion due to sea-level rise. The book is of interest not only to investors and contributors to regional development projects, but also to all relevant policy makers.

Author: André Michard
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540770763
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Morocco is one of the most fascinating lands in the world from the point of view of its geological structure and evolution. Our knowledge on the geology of the country has been greatly improved during the last decades, based on numerous seismic profiles and boreholes, seismological analysis of focal mechanisms, seismic tomography, gravimetric/geodetic modelling and, on the other hand, based on a big National Program of Geological Mapping including modern geochemical analyses (trace elements) and reliable isotopic datings (39Ar-40Ar, U-Pb zircon, Sm-Nd, etc). Moreover, a number of academic studies have been performed in relation with the increasing number of Moroccan universities. Accordingly, there was an utmost urgency to undertake a new treatise of Moroccan geology which could substitute for the classical Eléments de géologie marocaine, published in 1976 by A. Michard in the Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc (re-edited twice since 1976, with more than 6000 copies sold, and... translated in Japanese for engineers!). A new treatise has been prepared between April 2006 and July 2007 under the coordination of A. Michard, assisted by O. Saddiqi, and A. Chalouan, by a wide panel of authors from Morocco, France or Belgium among the best connoisseurs of the country. In order to emphasize the general interest of the book, we finally retain the following title: Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco. Structure, Stratigraphy, and Tectonics of the Africa-Atlantic-Mediterranean Triple junction. The editing and production of this book was supported by the following organisations: The Geological Society of France (SGF) The National Office of Hydrocarbons and Mines of Morocco (ONHYM) The International Lithosphere Program (ILP)

Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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This volume brings together, from a wide range of experience, such information as may be useful in recognizing, avoiding, controlling, designing for, and correcting movement. Current geologic concepts and engineering principles and techniques are introduced, and both the analysis and control of soil and rock-slopes are addressed. New methods of stability analysis and the use of computer techniques in implementing these methods are included. Rock slope engineering and the selecting of shear-strength parameters for slope-stability analyses are covered in separate chapters.