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Author: Ursula Jakob Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400757875 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Many physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.
Author: Ursula Jakob Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400757875 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Many physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.
Author: World Bank Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821385631 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.
Author: Christine Parent Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354030326X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 475
Book Description
From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.
Author: Kleber Del-Claro Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030668770 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
This textbook provides the first overview of plant-animal interactions for twenty years focused on the needs of students and professors. It discusses a range of topics from the basic structures of plant-animal interactions to their evolutionary implications in producing and maintaining biodiversity. It also highlights innovative aspects of plant-animal interactions that can represent highly productive research avenues, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in a future career in ecology. Written by leading experts, and employing a variety of didactic tools, the book is useful for students and teachers involved in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses addressing areas such as herbivory, trophic relationships, plant defense, pollination and biodiversity.
Author: R. R. Brooks Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 526
Book Description
An exhaustive worldwide survey of serpentine soils and the characteristic vegetation that they support. It includes a continent-by-continent listing of known serpentine locations.
Book Description
Les cristaux liquides sont des substances qui présentent un ou plusieurs états de la matière intermédiaires entre le solide cristallin et le liquide usuel. Ces états cristaux-liquides se caractérisent par les organisations spécifiques à l'échelle microscopique de leurs constituants : molécules, polymères, nanoparticules... Les cristaux liquides se retrouvent fréquemment dans la vie courante, par exemple dans les dispositifs d'affichage, détergents, matériaux composites, structures biologiques. Ils font l'objet d'une recherche active dont l'un des buts est de déterminer leur structure pour les identifier. Ces études structurales sont le plus souvent effectuées par diffusion de rayonnements, en particulier de rayons X. C'est cette diffusion de rayons X qui fait l'objet de cet ouvrage, qui comporte deux tomes. Le premier tome présentait une introduction aux notions fondamentales de diffusion de rayonnement et décrivait en détail l'état cristal-liquide le plus courant, appelé "nématique". Ce second tome est consacré à des états cristaux-liquides plus ordonnés dans lesquels les constituants possèdent, outre l'ordre d'orientation, un ordre de position. Suivant que cet ordre de position se développe dans une, deux ou trois dimensions de l'espace, ces états cristaux-liquides sont respectivement appelés "smectiques", "colonnaires" ou "réseaux tridimensionnels de défauts". Une première partie (la troisième de l'ouvrage) traite des états smectiques, des plus organisés, très proches des cristaux usuels, aux plus désordonnés, appelés smectiques liquides colonnaires. La dernière partie expose l'étude structurale de réseaux tridimensionnels de défauts : cristaux d'interfaces et réseaux spécifiques des molécules chirales. Enfin, une annexe récapitule l'identification par diffusion de rayons X des nombreuses structures des cristaux liquides et une autre en propose une classification uniquement basée sur les propriétés de symétrie.
Author: Ursula Jakob
Author: Ursula Jakob
Author: K. Paijmans
Author: World Bank
Author: Christine Parent
Author: B.A. Roberts
Author: Kleber Del-Claro
Author: J. H. Leigh
Author: R. R. Brooks
Author: Anne-Marie Levelut