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Author: Matthew Rowell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air quality Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Over the past decade significant reductions in new vehicle emissions have been attained as a result of improvements in basic automotive technology. These improvements are a result of improvements in basic engine and exhaust technology; they are not the result of the incorporation of expensive and exotic new equipment. Today, many (but of course not all) gasoline powered vehicles are capable of meeting the California LEV emissions standards. Further reductions in new vehicle emissions can be attained through further refinements of the basic technology of the gasoline engine (and exhaust system). Even under the most pessimistic assumptions, passenger vehicle emissions of three (hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter) out of the four major pollutants are likely to fall considerably over the next twenty-five years. Emissions of carbon monoxide are forecast to rise. While the presence of carbon monoxide is a health hazard it has not been of principal concern in the Phoenix area. This is because our summer ozone problem is caused by hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions and our winter "brown cloud" problem is attributed to particulate matter. Thus, Phoenix's two major air pollution problems are likely to be mitigated substantially by the Federal Tier 2 standards. However, the increases in carbon monoxide emissions may lead to new problems for the Phoenix area
Author: Matthew Rowell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air quality Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Over the past decade significant reductions in new vehicle emissions have been attained as a result of improvements in basic automotive technology. These improvements are a result of improvements in basic engine and exhaust technology; they are not the result of the incorporation of expensive and exotic new equipment. Today, many (but of course not all) gasoline powered vehicles are capable of meeting the California LEV emissions standards. Further reductions in new vehicle emissions can be attained through further refinements of the basic technology of the gasoline engine (and exhaust system). Even under the most pessimistic assumptions, passenger vehicle emissions of three (hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter) out of the four major pollutants are likely to fall considerably over the next twenty-five years. Emissions of carbon monoxide are forecast to rise. While the presence of carbon monoxide is a health hazard it has not been of principal concern in the Phoenix area. This is because our summer ozone problem is caused by hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions and our winter "brown cloud" problem is attributed to particulate matter. Thus, Phoenix's two major air pollution problems are likely to be mitigated substantially by the Federal Tier 2 standards. However, the increases in carbon monoxide emissions may lead to new problems for the Phoenix area
Author: J Robert Mondt Publisher: SAE International ISBN: 0768002222 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 284
Book Description
This book chronicles a 35-year success story - the technology that was developed and the progress that was made to achieve the goal of reducing air pollution from automobiles. "Air pollution from automobiles as of the year 2000 will have been lowered to levels less than 5% of those for pre-control era vehicles," writes author J. Robert Mondt, who spent over 30 years working on the development of emission control systems for automobiles. Mondt covers both the technological and political aspects of this effort, from the early environmental concerns in California to the Clean Air Acts of the 1960s to the introduction of catalytic converters in 1975. He also covers the revised Clean Air Acts of the 1960s to the introduction of catalytic converters in 1975.
Author: Asif Faiz Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 9780821334447 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Author: Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309037263 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 703
Book Description
"The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Author: R M Harrison Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1782628924 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The first concerns that come to mind in relation to pollution from road vehicles are direct emissions of carbon dioxide and toxic air pollutants. These are, of course, important but the impacts of road traffic are altogether more substantial. This volume of the Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series takes a broader view of the effects on the environment and human health, excluding only injury due to road traffic accidents. By looking across the environmental media, air, water and soil, and taking account also of noise pollution, the volume addresses far more than the conventional atmospheric issues. More importantly, however, it examines present and future vehicle technologies, the implications of more extensive use of batteries in electric vehicles and the consequences of recycling vehicles at the end of use. Finally, examples of life-cycle analysis as applied to road vehicles are reviewed. This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information for students studying pollution, and for policy-makers concerned with vehicle emissions and road traffic impacts more generally.
Author: Ronald M. Heck Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470275030 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 548
Book Description
Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology is the primary source for commercial catalytic air pollution control technology, offering engineers a comprehensive account of all modern catalytic technology. This Third Edition covers all the new advances in technology in automotive catalyst control technology, diesel engine catalyst control technology, small engine catalyst control technology, and alternate sustainable fuels for auto and diesel.
Author: B. Ashok Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128242280 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Author: Haneen Khreis Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128181230 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 650
Book Description
Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Author: Matthew Rowell
Author: Matthew Rowell
Author: M. Rowell
Author: J Robert Mondt
Author: Asif Faiz
Author: Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Author: R M Harrison
Author: Asif Faiz
Author: Ronald M. Heck
Author: B. Ashok
Author: Haneen Khreis