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Annual Report of the City Superintendent of Schools of the Consolidated City of Brooklyn for the Year Ending ...

Author: Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.). Superintendent of Schools
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 900

Book Description

Annual Report of the City Superintendent of Schools of the Consolidated City of Brooklyn for the Year Ending ...

Author: Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.). Superintendent of Schools
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 900

Book Description

Documents of the Board of Education of the City of New York

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 870

Book Description

Annual Report of the Superintendent of Education on the Public Schools of Nova Scotia for the Year Ending 31st October ...

Author: Nova Scotia. Superintendent of Education
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 862

Book Description

Annual Report of the Board of Education of the City of Newark

Author: Newark (N.J.). Board of Education
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 98

Book Description

Municipal Reference Library Notes

Author: New York Public Library. Municipal Reference Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cities and towns
Languages : en
Pages : 360

Book Description

Classified Catalog of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. 1895-1902. In Three Volumes

Author: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Classified catalogs (Dewey decimal)
Languages : en
Pages : 1150

Book Description

Testing Wars in the Public Schools

Author: William J. Reese
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674075692
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 392

Book Description
Written tests to evaluate students were a radical and controversial innovation when American educators began adopting them in the 1800s. Testing quickly became a key factor in the political battles during this period that gave birth to America's modern public school system. William J. Reese offers a richly detailed history of an educational revolution that has so far been only partially told. Single-classroom schools were the norm throughout the United States at the turn of the nineteenth century. Pupils demonstrated their knowledge by rote recitation of lessons and were often assessed according to criteria of behavior and discipline having little to do with academics. Convinced of the inadequacy of this system, the reformer Horace Mann and allies on the Boston School Committee crafted America's first major written exam and administered it as a surprise in local schools in 1845. The embarrassingly poor results became front-page news and led to the first serious consideration of tests as a useful pedagogic tool and objective measure of student achievement. A generation after Mann's experiment, testing had become widespread. Despite critics' ongoing claims that exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children's health, and turned teachers into automatons, once tests took root in American schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. Testing Wars in the Public Schools puts contemporary battles over scholastic standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the historic successes and limitations of the pencil-and-paper exam.