Annual Epidemiological Report PDF Download

Author: League of Nations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Epidemiology
Languages : en
Pages : 454

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Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309212197
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.

Author: Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118543521
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1139

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Book Description
This fully updated edition of Infectious Disease Surveillance is for frontline public health practitioners, epidemiologists, and clinical microbiologists who are engaged in communicable disease control. It is also a foundational text for trainees in public health, applied epidemiology, postgraduate medicine and nursing programs. The second edition portrays both the conceptual framework and practical aspects of infectious disease surveillance. It is a comprehensive resource designed to improve the tracking of infectious diseases and to serve as a starting point in the development of new surveillance systems. Infectious Disease Surveillance includes over 45 chapters from over 100 contributors, and topics organized into six sections based on major themes. Section One highlights the critical role surveillance plays in public health and it provides an overview of the current International Health Regulations (2005) in addition to successes and challenges in infectious disease eradication. Section Two describes surveillance systems based on logical program areas such as foodborne illnesses, vector-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, viral hepatitis healthcare and transplantation associated infections. Attention is devoted to programs for monitoring unexplained deaths, agents of bioterrorism, mass gatherings, and disease associated with international travel. Sections Three and Four explore the uses of the Internet and wireless technologies to advance infectious disease surveillance in various settings with emphasis on best practices based on deployed systems. They also address molecular laboratory methods, and statistical and geospatial analysis, and evaluation of systems for early epidemic detection. Sections Five and Six discuss legal and ethical considerations, communication strategies and applied epidemiology-training programs. The rest of the chapters offer public-private partnerships, as well lessons from the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic and future directions for infectious disease surveillance.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309255716
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789291931965
Category : Communicable diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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"This third edition of the Annual Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe provides a comprehensive summary of surveillance data in 2007 and the threats monitored in 2008. The data presented show that the major threats to the health of European citizens from infectious diseases have not changed substantially since ECDC began its work in 2005. It confirms the importance of the five areas initially identified as priorities for ECDC's activities, namely respiratory tract infections (in particular influenza and tuberculosis); HIV infection; vaccine-preventable diseases (in particular pneumococcal infections); healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. This year, the Annual Report gives special attention to vaccine-preventable diseases and immunisation programmes in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Vaccination has been an increasingly effective weapon in the fight against infectious diseases since their first development in the 19th century. The worldwide elimination of smallpox is a good example and a well-known success story. Indeed, vaccination has been so effective that in most European countries the incidence of formerly common childhood diseases, such as measles and rubella, is low and their detrimental effects are extremely rare. This has been achieved through continuous high levels of vaccination coverage, and the resulting high immunity in the population needs to be maintained. However, it can be said that vaccination has, in some respects, become victim of its success because many Europeans no longer perceive the threat from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases and therefore might opt not to get vaccinated or to vaccinate their children. The figures in the report show, however, that suboptimal vaccine coverage allows these diseases, with their serious consequences, to return. All of the seven deaths from measles that were recorded in Europe in 2006 and 2007 were in people who had not been vaccinated. Since the publication of ECDC's first Annual Epidemiological Report in 2007, the quality of the data is improving year on year, allowing increasingly meaningful analyses of the European situation. For the 2009 report, the process of data collection and validation was greatly facilitated by the full use of the online 'The European Surveillance System' (TESSy) by the Member States. ECDC is confident that with the commitment and collective efforts by all, the remaining discrepancies and comparability issues with the data will continue to progressively decrease over the coming years."--Page iii.

Author: Andrew Cliff
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191663352
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Book Description
The Oxford Textbook of Infectious Disease Control: A Geographical Analysis from Medieval Quarantine to Global Eradication is a comprehensive analysis of spatial theory and the practical methods used to prevent the geographical spread of communicable diseases in humans. Drawing on current and historical examples spanning seven centuries from across the globe, this indispensable volume demonstrates how to mitigate the public health impact of infections in disease hotspots and prevent the propagation of infection from such hotspots into other geographical locations. Containing case studies of longstanding global killers such as influenza, measles and poliomyelitis, through to newly emerged diseases like SARS and highly pathogenic avian influenza in humans, this book integrates theory, data and spatial analysis and locates these quantitative analyses in the context of global demographic and health policy change. Beautifully illustrated with over 100 original maps and diagrams to aid understanding and assimilation, in six sections the authors examine surveillance, quarantine, vaccination, and forecasting for disease control. The discussion covers theoretical approaches, techniques and systems central to mitigating disease spread, and methods that deliver practical disease control. Essential information is also provided on the geographical eradication of diseases, including the design of early warning systems that detect the geographical spread of epidemics, enabling students and practitioners to design spatially-targeted control strategies. Despite the early hope of eradication of many communicable diseases after the global eradication of smallpox by 1979, the world is still working at the control and elimination of the spatial spread of newly-emerging and resurgent infectious diseases. Learning from past examples and incorporating modern surveillance and reporting techniques that are used to design value-for-money spatially-targeted interventions to protect public health, the Oxford Textbook of Infectious Disease Control is an essential resource for all those working in, or studying ways to control the spread of communicable diseases between humans in a timely and cost-effective manner. It is ideal for specialists and students in infectious disease control as well as those in the medical sciences, epidemiology, demography, public health, geography, and medical history.

Author:
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 144

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Book Description
Animal disease surveillance is key to improving disease analysis, early warning and predicting disease emergence and spread. As a preventive measure, disease surveillance is aimed at reducing animal health-related risks and major consequences of disease outbreaks on food production and livelihoods. Early warning systems are dependent on the quality of animal disease information collected at all levels via effective surveillance; therefore, data gathering and sharing is essential to understand the dynamics of animal diseases in diverse agro-ecological settings to support effective decision-making to prevent disease and for emergency response. Animal disease surveillance systems track zoonotic dieases and identify emerging diseases and, as such, are recognized as a global public good to support improved animal and global public health.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781944888244
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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"This Report extends the concepts and approaches discussed in NCRP Report No. 171 and Commentary No. 24 to further reduce uncertainty in radiation risk assessments at low doses and low dose rates, thereby enhancing the bases for radiation protection guidance"--

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789291934430
Category : Communicable diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 266

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Book Description
This report analyses surveillance data on the key infectious diseases reported in the 27 EU Member States and three European Economic Area countries: Liechtenstein, Iceland and Norway. It is a unique collection of high-quality European data that can help policy makers and public health professionals better understand their adversaries in the battle against infectious diseases.

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241547871
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 159

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Book Description
This publication is intended to contribute to prevention and control of the morbidity and mortality associated with dengue and to serve as an authoritative reference source for health workers and researchers. These guidelines are not intended to replace national guidelines but to assist in the development of national or regional guidelines. They are expected to remain valid for five years (until 2014), although developments in research could change their validity.--Publisher's description.