Ancient Iron and Slags in Greenland PDF Download

Author: Vagn Fabritius Buchwald
Publisher: Museum Tusculanum Press
ISBN: 9788763512541
Category : Antiques
Languages : en
Pages : 104

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Author: Vagn Fabritius Buchwald
Publisher: Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab
ISBN: 9788773043080
Category : Bronzezeit
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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Author: T. Max Friesen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199766959
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1001

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Despite its extreme climate, the North American Arctic holds a complex archaeological record of global significance. In this volume, leading researchers provide comprehensive coverage of the region's cultural history, addressing issues as diverse as climate change impacts on human societies, European colonial expansion, and hunter-gatherer adaptations and social organization.

Author: Arnved Nedkvitne
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135125958X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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How could a community of 2000–3000 Viking peasants survive in Arctic Greenland for 430 years (ca. 985–1415), and why did they finally disappear? European agriculture in an Arctic environment encountered serious ecological challenges. The Norse peasants faced these challenges by adapting agricultural practices they had learned from the Atlantic and North Sea coast of Norway. Norse Greenland was the stepping stone for the Europeans who first discovered America and settled briefly in Newfoundland ca. AD 1000. The community had a global significance which surpassed its modest size. In the last decades scholars have been nearly unanimous in emphasising that long-term climatic and environmental changes created a situation where Norse agriculture was no longer sustainable and the community was ruined. A secondary hypothesis has focused on ethnic confrontations between Norse peasants and Inuit hunters. In the last decades ethnic violence has been on the rise in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and parts of Africa. In some cases it has degenerated into ethnic cleansing. This has strengthened the interest in ethnic violence in past societies. Challenging traditional hypotheses is a source of progress in all science. The present book does this on the basis of relevant written and archaeological material respecting the methodology of both sciences.

Author: David A. Scott
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030112659
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 261

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This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the metallographic study of ancient metals. Metallography is important both conceptually as a microstructural science and in terms of its application to the study of ancient and historic metals. Metallography is a well-established methodology for the characterization of the microstructure of metals, which continues to be significant today in quality control and characterization of metallic properties. Not only does the metallographic examination of ancient metals present its own challenges in terms of sample size and interpretation of evidence, but it must be integrated with archaeological data and cultural research in order to obtain the most meaningful results. Issues of authentication and the establishment of fakes and forgeries of metallic artefacts often involve metallographic evidence of both metal and patina or corrosion interface, as an essential component of such a study. The present volume sets out the basic features of relevant metallic systems, enhanced with a series of examples of typical microstructural types, with illustrative case studies and examples throughout the text derived from studies undertaken by the two authors. This book provides a comprehensive presentation of metallography for archaeologists, archaeometallurgists, conservators, conservation scientists and metallurgists of modern materials.

Author: Stefan Brink
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134318251
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1067

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Filling a gap in the literature for an academically oriented volume on the Viking period, this unique book is a one-stop authoritative introduction to all the latest research in the field. Bringing together today’s leading scholars, both established seniors and younger, cutting-edge academics, Stefan Brink and Neil Price have constructed the first single work to gather innovative research from a spectrum of disciplines (including archaeology, history, philology, comparative religion, numismatics and cultural geography) to create the most comprehensive Viking Age book of its kind ever attempted. Consisting of longer articles providing overviews of important themes, supported by shorter papers focusing on material of particular interest, this comprehensive volume covers such wide-ranging topics as social institutions, spatial issues, the Viking Age economy, warfare, beliefs, language, voyages, and links with medieval and Christian Europe. This original work, specifically oriented towards a university audience and the educated public, will have a self-evident place as an undergraduate course book and will be a standard work of reference for all those in the field.

Author: Nancy Marie Brown
Publisher: HMH
ISBN: 0547539398
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 325

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The remarkable story of Gudrid, the female explorer who sailed from Iceland to the New World a millennium ago. Five hundred years before Columbus, a Viking woman named Gudrid sailed off the edge of the known world. She landed in the New World and lived there for three years, giving birth to a baby before sailing home. Or so the Icelandic sagas say. Even after archaeologists found a Viking longhouse in Newfoundland, no one believed that the details of Gudrid’s story were true. Then, in 2001, a team of scientists discovered what may have been this pioneering woman’s last house, buried under a hay field in Iceland, just where the epic tales suggest it could be. Joining scientists experimenting with cutting-edge technology and the latest archaeological techniques, and tracing Gudrid’s steps on land and in the sagas, The Far Traveler reconstructs a life that spanned—and expanded—the bounds of the then-known world. It also sheds new light on the society that gave rise to a woman even more extraordinary than legend has painted her, and illuminates the reasons for its collapse.

Author: Linda Sygna
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113627250X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498

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Environmental change presents a new context and new opportunities for transformational change. This timely book will inspire new ways of understanding the relationship between environmental change and human security. A Changing Environment for Human Security: Transformative Approaches to Research, Policy and Action both supports and informs a call for new, transformative approaches to research, policy and action. The chapters in this book include critical analyses, case studies and reflections on contemporary environmental and social challenges, with a strong emphasis on those related to climate change. Human thoughts and actions have contributed to an environment of insecurity, manifested as multiple interacting threats that now represent a serious challenge to humanity. Yet humans also have the capacity to collectively transform the economic, political, social and cultural systems and structures that perpetuate human insecurities. These fresh perspectives on global environmental change from an interdisciplinary group of international experts will inspire readers – whether students, researchers, policy makers, or practitioners – to think differently about environmental issues and sustainability. The contributions show that in a changing environment, human security is not only a possibility, but a choice.

Author: Vagn Fabritius Buchwald
Publisher: Museum Tusculanum Press
ISBN: 9788763511735
Category : Eskimos
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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"Seventy four iron objects have been randomly selected from the Greenland archaeological material accumulated in Copenhagen since about 1850. The objects comprise knives, ulos and harpoon blades from most of West Greenland but also include several unworked fragments and some "hammerstones". The objects have been subjected to microscopic and X-ray microanalytic studies to determine their origin and mode of fabrication. The objects fall into three distinct groups. North of the Melville Bugt a majority of the tools have been produced from small fragments of the Cape York iron meteorite shower, that fell near Savigsivik more than 2000 years ago. Some of the meteoritic iron was carried across Smith Sund and as far as Hudson Bay, while transport south along the Greenland coast apparently was more sporadic. In the Disko Bugt area half of the objects may be traced to the occurrences of basalt with pea-sized iron inclusions, while the other half has been made of wrought iron. In the south all ten objects were produced from wrought iron. Some of the wrought iron tools originate from Norse settlements and have apparently been carried as far north as 76°-77° by Norse ships as early as the 12th century. Other wrought iron tools have been introduced by whalers, probably mainly of Dutch, Spanish and British origin, after about 1575 A.D. Some tools may have been manufactured from iron nails, and fittings from wrecked ships. No signs of indigenous iron production have been detected."--Abstract

Author: Øystein Morten
Publisher: Vigmostad & Bjørke
ISBN: 824195252X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Sagaen om Eirik Raude er kort. Den forteller at han flykter fra Norge til Island etter et drap, gifter seg inn i en høvdingfamilie, innleder en liten krig, utforsker et gedigent land mot vest og kaller det Grønland. Så grunnlegger han et nybyggersamfunn på Grønland før landet kristnes mot hans vilje og sønnene utforsker Amerika. På et kvarter har du oversikt over alt vi vet om Eirik Raude. Eller kanskje ikke. For bak sagaenes fortettede formuleringer skjuler det seg et hav av hendelser og sammenhenger som ennå ikke er oppdaget. I denne boken undersøker Øystein Morten hva Eirik Raude egentlig var ute etter på Grønland, og hva som var bakgrunnen for reisene videre vestover til Vinland.Bli med på en oppdagelsesferd til norrøne bosetninger i polare strøk!«Oppsiktsvekkende … man formelig ser for seg hvordan Eirik Raude opplevde Grønland på 980-tallet … både ei lærerik og underholdende bok.»[Terningkast 5 Jan-Erik Smilden, Dagbladet