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Author: Waleed Fekry Faris Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781498721950 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Since a reduction in fuel consumption will lead to reduction in vehicle emissions, automobile manufacturers are currently under pressure to produce more environmentally friendly vehicles. Vehicle fuel consumption and emission models are currently the primary tools for evaluating the regional impacts of transportation projects and for developing and evaluating new powertrains and new hardware in the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This book presents instantaneous and gear-shifting-based analytical models of fuel consumption and regulated exhaust emissions directly account for the individual vehicle characteristics and for the forces acting on the vehicle.
Author: Waleed Fekry Faris Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781498721950 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Since a reduction in fuel consumption will lead to reduction in vehicle emissions, automobile manufacturers are currently under pressure to produce more environmentally friendly vehicles. Vehicle fuel consumption and emission models are currently the primary tools for evaluating the regional impacts of transportation projects and for developing and evaluating new powertrains and new hardware in the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This book presents instantaneous and gear-shifting-based analytical models of fuel consumption and regulated exhaust emissions directly account for the individual vehicle characteristics and for the forces acting on the vehicle.
Author: Salah Ahmed Mohamed Elmoselhy Elmaghazy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Motor vehicles Languages : en Pages : 514
Book Description
Climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions led to new vehicle emissions standards which in turn led to a call for vehicle technologies to meet these standards. Modeling of vehicle fuel consumption and emissions emerged as an effective tool to help developing and assessing such technologies. Although vehicle analytical models are favourable in many cases due to describing the physical phenomena associated with vehicle operation based on the principles of physics and with explainable mathematical trends and with extendable modeling to other vehicle types, no analytical model has been developed and experimentally validated as yet of diesel fuel consumption and exhaust emissions rate. The present study analytically models diesel fuel consumption rate microscopically for the accelerating, cruising and decelerating modes of driving a vehicle and models diesel regulated emissions rate for the cruising mode of driving a vehicle. In order to make these models, an analytical model of the following subsystems has been made: (i) intake manifold taking the flexibility of crankshaft and air density into account, (ii) supercharging diesel centrifugal compressor, (iii) multi-cylinder supercharged diesel engine, (iv) diesel fuel system and engine power, (vi) exhaust system and the percentage of unburned fuel. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted for simplifying the models in order to fit the INTEGRATION software and traffic simulator. The models have been validated experimentally against field data. For the rate of diesel fuel mass flow, the average percentage of deviation was 1.8% for all standard cycles outperforming widely recognized models such as the CMEM and VT-Micro. The simulated results have been analyzed statistically for the rate of diesel fuel mass flow with coefficient of determination and relative error of 96% and 1.2%, respectively. The average percentage of deviation of 7% 1.7%, 1.9%, 2%, and 10.6% for the diesel engine power, CO emission, NOx emission, HC emission, and percentage of unburned fuel respectively, for all Freeway cycles outperforming widely recognized models such as the CMEM and VT-Micro. The simulated results have been analyzed statistically as well with coefficient of determination of 73%, 99%, 99%, 83%, and 70% respectively. The corresponding relative error has been 7%, 3%, 1.7%, 2%, and 10.6% respectively. Moreover, the developed analytical models of the intake manifold gas speed dynamics, in-cylinder gas speed dynamics, supercharging compressor power, supercharging compressor mechanical efficiency, and supercharged air density have been experimentally validated using case studies with an average of deviation from field data of 12.6%, 11%, 3%, 8%, and 3.7%, respectively. The simulated results have been analyzed statistically as well with relative error of 12.6%, 11%, 3%, 8%, and 3.7%, respectively. In addition to devising two new classifications, which are the formulation approach-based modelling and main input variable-based modelling, the models developed in this study are (a) widely valid models which are not restricted to a specific dataset, (b) an effective tool to quickly judge whether the related experimental measurements make sense or not, (c) show which chemical reaction within the powertrain kinetically influences significantly emissions rate. Keywords: Vehicle Fuel Consumption; Vehicle Regulated Emissions; Modeling; Diesel Powertrain.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309216389 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Author: Kenneth Gillingham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Electric vehicles are declining in cost so rapidly that they may claim a large share of the vehicle market by 2030. This paper examines a set of practical regulatory design considerations for fuel-economy standards or greenhouse gas standards in the context of highly uncertain electric vehicle costs in the next decade. The analysis takes a cost-effectiveness approach and uses analytical modeling and simulation to develop insight. I show that counting electric vehicles under a standard with a multiplier or assuming zero upstream emissions can reduce electric vehicle market share by weakening the standards. Further, there are tradeoffs from implementing a backstop conventional vehicle standard along with a second standard that also includes electric vehicles, but such a backstop offers the possibility of ensuring that low-cost conventional vehicle technologies are exploited.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309373913 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 812
Book Description
The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author: Aydin Azizi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811362181 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
This book provides a concise introduction to the behavior of mechanical structures and testing their stochastic stability under the influence of noise. It explains the physical effects of noise and in particular the concept of Gaussian white noise. In closing, the book explains how to model the effects of noise on mechanical structures, and how to nullify / compensate for it by designing effective controllers.
Author: Xi Zhang Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0857297368 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
Vehicle Power Management addresses the challenge of improving vehicle fuel economy and reducing emissions without sacrificing vehicle performance, reliability and durability. It opens with the definition, objectives, and current research issues of vehicle power management, before moving on to a detailed introduction to the modeling of vehicle devices and components involved in the vehicle power management system, which has been proven to be the most cost-effective and efficient method for initial-phase vehicle research and design. Specific vehicle power management algorithms and strategies, including the analytical approach, optimal control, intelligent system approaches and wavelet technology, are derived and analyzed for realistic applications. Vehicle Power Management also gives a detailed description of several key technologies in the design phases of hybrid electric vehicles containing battery management systems, component optimization, hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop. Vehicle Power Management provides graduate and upper level undergraduate students, engineers, and researchers in both academia and the automotive industry, with a clear understanding of the concepts, methodologies, and prospects of vehicle power management.
Author: Timothy C. Coburn Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 075670927X Category : Languages : en Pages : 111
Book Description
Contains many of the papers presented in a mini-symposium on statistical analysis & modeling of automotive emissions held in Aug. 1999. The articles represent the efforts of approximately 20 authors & co-authors from across industry, gov't., & academia & cover a diverse array of topics regarding fundamental methodological issues, advanced statistical techniques, & specific case studies. Two papers included in the mini-symposium involved the assessment of sulfur in diesel fuel on the performance of emissions control devices & the forecasting of ozone standard exceedances that occur partly in response to vehicular traffic vol. & dispersion.
Author: Waleed Fekry Faris
Author: Waleed Fekry Faris
Author: Salah Ahmed Mohamed Elmoselhy Elmaghazy
Author: Cambridge Systematics
Author: National Research Council
Author: Kenneth Gillingham
Author: National Research Council
Author: Aydin Azizi
Author: Xi Zhang
Author: Canada. Transport Canada. Road Safety. Vehicle Systems Division
Author: Timothy C. Coburn