Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Coevolution Between California Ground Squirrels (Otospermophilus Beecheyi) and Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Oreganus Oreganus) PDF Download
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Author: Alyssa Hassinger Publisher: ISBN: Category : California ground squirrel Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
Understanding the molecular basis of adaptations in coevolving species is an important goal of evolutionary biology. Venom in predators and venom resistance proteins in prey are examples of such coevolving molecular phenotypes. In my thesis, I investigate two molecular traits that are important in coevolutionary interactions between the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) and its primary prey item, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi). In Chapter 1, I briefly introduce the topics of my thesis research by reviewing how population-level variation in venom protein composition and metalloprotease activity has been established in C. o. oreganus and that there is evidence of O. beecheyi evolving resistance in response to the sympatric predator. In Chapter 2, I further characterize venom activity through in vitro tests of enzymatic activity to assess functional differences between 12 populations of C. o. oreganus and investigate what the possible causes of this variation might be. My results support the conclusions of other studies that there is population-level variation in venom function but the proximate and ultimate causes for this functional variation remain unclear. In Chapter 3, I generate a transcriptome for O. beecheyi and run this transcriptome through a series of filters to identify genes that code for potential venom resistance proteins. My work provides a reference transcriptome for future work and I identify 5 proteins that pass all filters for potential resistance proteins. Overall, my thesis provides more detail on functional variation within rattlesnakes and lays out a genetic framework for the evolution of resistance proteins within ground squirrels. In combination my work sets the stage for future detailed work focused on understanding coevolutionary interactions at the molecular level between ground squirrels and rattlesnakes.
Author: Alyssa Hassinger Publisher: ISBN: Category : California ground squirrel Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
Understanding the molecular basis of adaptations in coevolving species is an important goal of evolutionary biology. Venom in predators and venom resistance proteins in prey are examples of such coevolving molecular phenotypes. In my thesis, I investigate two molecular traits that are important in coevolutionary interactions between the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) and its primary prey item, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi). In Chapter 1, I briefly introduce the topics of my thesis research by reviewing how population-level variation in venom protein composition and metalloprotease activity has been established in C. o. oreganus and that there is evidence of O. beecheyi evolving resistance in response to the sympatric predator. In Chapter 2, I further characterize venom activity through in vitro tests of enzymatic activity to assess functional differences between 12 populations of C. o. oreganus and investigate what the possible causes of this variation might be. My results support the conclusions of other studies that there is population-level variation in venom function but the proximate and ultimate causes for this functional variation remain unclear. In Chapter 3, I generate a transcriptome for O. beecheyi and run this transcriptome through a series of filters to identify genes that code for potential venom resistance proteins. My work provides a reference transcriptome for future work and I identify 5 proteins that pass all filters for potential resistance proteins. Overall, my thesis provides more detail on functional variation within rattlesnakes and lays out a genetic framework for the evolution of resistance proteins within ground squirrels. In combination my work sets the stage for future detailed work focused on understanding coevolutionary interactions at the molecular level between ground squirrels and rattlesnakes.
Author: John N. Thompson Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226797627 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Coevolution—reciprocal evolutionary change in interacting species driven by natural selection—is one of the most important ecological and genetic processes organizing the earth's biodiversity: most plants and animals require coevolved interactions with other species to survive and reproduce. The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution analyzes how the biology of species provides the raw material for long-term coevolution, evaluates how local coadaptation forms the basic module of coevolutionary change, and explores how the coevolutionary process reshapes locally coevolving interactions across the earth's constantly changing landscapes. Picking up where his influential The Coevolutionary Process left off, John N. Thompsonsynthesizes the state of a rapidly developing science that integrates approaches from evolutionary ecology, population genetics, phylogeography, systematics, evolutionary biochemistry and physiology, and molecular biology. Using models, data, and hypotheses to develop a complete conceptual framework, Thompson also draws on examples from a wide range of taxa and environments, illustrating the expanding breadth and depth of research in coevolutionary biology.
Author: Stephen J. Mullin Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801457858 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 383
Book Description
Destruction of habitat due to urban sprawl, pollution, and deforestation has caused population declines or even extinction of many of the world's approximately 2,600 snake species. Furthermore, misconceptions about snakes have made them among the most persecuted of all animals, despite the fact that less than a quarter of all species are venomous and most species are beneficial because they control rodent pests. It has become increasingly urgent, therefore, to develop viable conservation strategies for snakes and to investigate their importance as monitors of ecosystem health and indicators of habitat sustainability. In the first book on snakes written with a focus on conservation, editors Stephen J. Mullin and Richard A. Seigel bring together leading herpetologists to review and synthesize the ecology, conservation, and management of snakes worldwide. These experts report on advances in current research and summarize the primary literature, presenting the most important concepts and techniques in snake ecology and conservation. The common thread of conservation unites the twelve chapters, each of which addresses a major subdiscipline within snake ecology. Applied topics such as methods and modeling and strategies such as captive rearing and translocation are also covered. Each chapter provides an essential framework and indicates specific directions for future research, making this a critical reference for anyone interested in vertebrate conservation generally or for anyone implementing conservation and management policies concerning snake populations. Contributors: Omar Attum, Indiana University Southeast; Steven J. Beaupre, University of Arkansas; Xavier Bonnet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Frank T. Burbrink, College of Staten Island-The City University of New York; Gordon M. Burghardt, University of Tennessee; Todd A. Castoe, University of Colorado; David Chiszar, University of Colorado; Michael E. Dorcas, Davidson College; Lara E. Douglas, University of Arkansas; Christopher L. Jenkins, Project Orianne, Ltd.; Glenn Johnson, State University of New York at Potsdam; Michael Hutchins, The Wildlife Society; Richard B. King, Northern Illinois University; Bruce A. Kingsbury, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne; Thomas Madsen, University of Wollongong; Stephen J. Mullin, Eastern Illinois University; James B. Murphy, National Zoological Park; Charles R. Peterson, Idaho State University; Kent A. Prior, Parks Canada; Richard A. Seigel, Towson University; Richard Shine, University of Sydney; Kevin T. Shoemaker, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York; Patrick J. Weatherhead, University of Illinois; John D. Willson, University of Georgia
Author: Stephen P. Mackessy Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429623453 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 912
Book Description
A decade after publication of the first edition, Handbook of Venoms and Toxins of Reptiles responds to extensive changes in the field of toxinology to endure as the most comprehensive review of reptile venoms on the market. The six sections of this new edition, which has nearly doubled in size, complement the original handbook by presenting current information from many of the leading researchers and physicians in toxinology, with topics ranging from functional morphology, evolution and ecology to crystallography, -omics technologies, drug discovery and more. With the recent recognition by the World Health Organization of snakebite as a neglected tropical disease, the section on snakebite has been expanded and includes several chapters dealing with the problem broadly and with new technologies and the promises these new approaches may hold to counter the deleterious effects of envenomation. This greatly expanded handbook offers a unique resource for biologists, biochemists, toxicologists, physicians, clinicians, and epidemiologists, as well as informed laypersons interested in the biology of venomous reptiles, the biochemistry and molecular biology of venoms, and the effects and treatment of human envenomation.
Author: Tomohiro Sasanami Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811039755 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
This book provides everything from basic knowledge to the recent understandings of avian reproductive physiology, covering many unique aspects. It will inspire avian biologists as well as researchers in varied fields and will offer important steps towards better fertilization success in birds.In spite of the recent remarkable developments in modern technology, a comprehensive understanding of the reproductive mechanisms is still far in the future due to the diverse reproductive tactics in vertebrates. Birds have highly refined reproductive strategies and some of those strategies are unique to birds. However, together with ongoing progress of the genome analysis of birds and the crying need for further increase in meat and egg production, research on avian reproduction is now accelerating and becoming more important.With contributions by leading scientists, the book explains avian primordial germ cells; the sex-determining mechanism; reproductive endocrinology and immunology; sperm, egg, and egg coat; sperm–egg interaction; polyspermic fertilization; seasonal reproduction; social triggers; hormonal and behavioral changes; broodiness; oviductal sperm storage; and biotechnology. This book is recommended for all researchers and students who are interested in birds or reproduction.
Author: Scott Nuismer Publisher: WH Freeman ISBN: 9781319106195 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
Nusimer is able to develop the mathematical models and key theoretical results upon which our current understanding of coevolution rests. By anchoring each chapter in the biology of a well-studied species interaction and providing a step by step guide to model development, analysis, and interpretation, Nuismer takes the mystery out of mathematical modeling and provides readers with the tools they need to develop and analyze coevolutionary models of their own.
Author: Robert D. Aldridge Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439858330 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 758
Book Description
Offering coverage of a wide range of topics on snake reproduction and phylogeny, this comprehensive book discusses everything from primordial germ migration in developing embryos to semelparity (death after reproduction) in the aspic viper. Beginning with a review of the history of snake reproductive studies, it presents new findings on development
Author: Alyssa Hassinger
Author: Alyssa Hassinger
Author: James Eric Biardi
Author: John N. Thompson
Author: Stephen J. Mullin
Author: Stephen P. Mackessy
Author: Tomohiro Sasanami
Author: Aaron Stuart Rundus
Author: William K. Hayes
Author: Scott Nuismer
Author: Robert D. Aldridge