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Author: Chamodhi Ravihansi Polgampola Ralalage Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aerosols Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) generate aerosol (particles in a gas matrix) by vaporizing the e-liquid, consisting of propylene glycol (PG), glycerol (GL), nicotine, and other additives. Aerosol enters the respiratory tract (RT) of the user, where part of it is deposited, while the rest is exhaled. Compounds in the gas and particle phase have different deposition mechanisms in the RT, thus determining the location of deposition. The location of deposition and amount of a compound will influence the biological response in the body. Identifying the composition of each constituent in the gas phase and particle phase would enhance the understanding of their deposition in the RT, thus absorption into the body. Study 1: assess the composition difference in aerosol particle phase (PP) from its e-liquid, and identify the mechanism associated with the composition difference. Gas chromatography analysis was conducted on e-liquid and aerosol PP for PG, GL, and nicotine. Experiments were designed to isolate the mechanism for composition difference by testing evaporation, aging, vaporization, and condensation. Study 2: streamline a methodology to study impact of user-specific parameters on aerosol deposition in e-cigarette users. A pilot study was conducted with participation of e-cigarette consumers to test the usability of exhale breath collection device. Feasibility of quantifying yield, exhale breath, puff and respiratory topographies were evaluated. Salivary cotinine boost was quantified to measure nicotine uptake. PG in aerosol PP showed a significant reduction from the e-liquid. Nicotine composition difference between e-liquid and the PP for non-acidified e-liquid was greater from acidified e-liquids. Study data is in agreement with the condensation model to explain the composition change of aerosol PP vs the initial e-liquid. The pilot study successfully quantified exhale breath composition, deposition efficiencies, salivary cotinine boost, puff and respiratory topographies. Findings confirmed the composition of aerosol PP to be different from its e-liquid and identified the mechanism for the difference. Pilot study successfully demonstrated the proof of concept to study the impact of user-specific parameters in e-cigarette users."--Abstract.
Author: Chamodhi Ravihansi Polgampola Ralalage Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aerosols Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) generate aerosol (particles in a gas matrix) by vaporizing the e-liquid, consisting of propylene glycol (PG), glycerol (GL), nicotine, and other additives. Aerosol enters the respiratory tract (RT) of the user, where part of it is deposited, while the rest is exhaled. Compounds in the gas and particle phase have different deposition mechanisms in the RT, thus determining the location of deposition. The location of deposition and amount of a compound will influence the biological response in the body. Identifying the composition of each constituent in the gas phase and particle phase would enhance the understanding of their deposition in the RT, thus absorption into the body. Study 1: assess the composition difference in aerosol particle phase (PP) from its e-liquid, and identify the mechanism associated with the composition difference. Gas chromatography analysis was conducted on e-liquid and aerosol PP for PG, GL, and nicotine. Experiments were designed to isolate the mechanism for composition difference by testing evaporation, aging, vaporization, and condensation. Study 2: streamline a methodology to study impact of user-specific parameters on aerosol deposition in e-cigarette users. A pilot study was conducted with participation of e-cigarette consumers to test the usability of exhale breath collection device. Feasibility of quantifying yield, exhale breath, puff and respiratory topographies were evaluated. Salivary cotinine boost was quantified to measure nicotine uptake. PG in aerosol PP showed a significant reduction from the e-liquid. Nicotine composition difference between e-liquid and the PP for non-acidified e-liquid was greater from acidified e-liquids. Study data is in agreement with the condensation model to explain the composition change of aerosol PP vs the initial e-liquid. The pilot study successfully quantified exhale breath composition, deposition efficiencies, salivary cotinine boost, puff and respiratory topographies. Findings confirmed the composition of aerosol PP to be different from its e-liquid and identified the mechanism for the difference. Pilot study successfully demonstrated the proof of concept to study the impact of user-specific parameters in e-cigarette users."--Abstract.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030946837X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 775
Book Description
Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher: ISBN: Category : Government publications Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: Alan Rodgman Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 146651552X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 2334
Book Description
Authored by two longtime researchers in tobacco science, The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Second Edition chronicles the progress made from late 2008 through 2011 by scientists in the field of tobacco science. The book examines the isolation and characterization of each component. It explores developments in pertinent analytical
Author: Konstantinos E. Farsalinos Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128112425 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
A volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Assessment of E-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles addresses the many issues surrounding electronic cigarettes in an unprecedented level of scientific detail. The plethora of product devices, formulations, and flavors, combined with the lack of industry standards and labeling requirements, quality control, and limited product oversight, has given rise to public concern about initiation of use and potential for adverse exposure and negative long-term health outcomes. This volume discusses how analytical methods can address these issues and support the manufacturing, labeling, distribution, testing, regulation, and monitoring for consistency of products with known chemical content and demonstrated performance characteristics. The book begins with the background on aerosol drug delivery services and e-cigarettes, constituents of nicotine-containing liquid dosing formulations, typical use scenarios and associated aerosol emissions, and chemical exposures and pharmacological and toxicological effect profiles, and then continues with descriptions of the analytical methods used to characterize the chemicals in formulations and emissions from e-cigarettes, including their stability, physical particle-size distribution and thermal degradation under commonly employed conditions of use. Analytical methods enabling detection of biomarkers of exposure and harm in complex biological matrices are discussed, with an emphasis on constituents or emissions of current medicinal interest or with potential to produce harm. Opportunities and challenges for analytical chemistry in supporting the continued development and use of safe and consistent dosage formulations as alternatives to tobacco products are also explored, with a concluding section describing an analytical approach to a risk-benefit assessment of e-cigarette use on human health. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. Hackney, Anthony C. Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 9780128092064, March 2016.Tanna, Sangeeta and Lawson, Graham. Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence, 9780128054635, April 2016.Rao, Vikram; Knight, Rob; and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, September 2016. - Discusses the chemistry and physics involved in aerosol production, inhalation, deposition, chemical exposure, and effect assessment - Contains current information and state-of-the-science methods on e-cigarette emissions, exposures, and harm assessment - Offers an authoritative, objective perspective from five of the most well-recognized scientists in their areas of expertise who have no personal stake in the e-cigarette industry or the opposition - Includes a foreword written by Dr. Neal Benowitz
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Publisher: ISBN: 9781082814914 Category : Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.
Author: Chi Tien Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 1483162427 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
Granular Filtration of Aerosols and Hydrosols is concerned with the fundamental aspects of granular filtration of both liquid and gas suspensions. This book takes a unifying approach to the treatment of granular aerosol and hydrosol filtration. The text begins with the introduction of the process of granular filtration and its various applications. Subsequent chapters discuss the aspects of filtration, such as, the macroscopic description of fixed-bed granular filtration; the methods for making representations based on various porous media models for both clean and clogged filter media; the mechanisms of particle deposition; and the trajectory analysis of particle deposition. The final chapter presents and discusses case studies which deal with predicting and calculating the dynamic behavior of granular filtration of hydrosols and aerosols. Researchers in granular filtration and graduate students dealing with separation technology will find the book highly useful.
Author: Chamodhi Ravihansi Polgampola Ralalage
Author: Chamodhi Ravihansi Polgampola Ralalage
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Author: Alan Rodgman
Author: Dominic L. Palazzolo
Author: Konstantinos E. Farsalinos
Author: Ben Blount
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Author: United States. Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health
Author: Chi Tien