Applications of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Solids PDF Download

Author: David Brian Aeschliman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description
This dissertation manuscript concentrates on methods to improve the utility of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as a rapid and accurate technique for quantitative analysis, forensic matching, and source attribution of solid samples. A solution calibration method for LA-ICP-MS is described that does not require matrix-matched solid standards or prior knowledge of sample composition. Desolvated particles from a microconcentric nebulizer and particles ablated from a localized position on a solid sample are mixed and introduced simultaneously to the ICP-MS. The transport of sample particulates from the ablation cell is measured online with piezoelectric microbalance to provide signal normalization. The relative accuracy of the quantitative analysis of NIST 612 glass and NIST 1264a steel is 3% and 12%, respectively, except for the elements Pb and Bi in steel. LA-ICP-MS is also used with principal components analysis (PCA) to simplify routine comparisons of forensic materials without time-consuming and destructive sample dissolution. The relative concentrations of trace elements in a solid sample are examined to provide a "fingerprint" composition that can be used for definitive identification and source matching of the material. Residue samples are matched to bulk materials using PCA. Variation of laser focus and PCA are also used to diagnose the presence and severity of elemental fractionation, which remains the most significant limitation for accurate quantitative analyses by LA-ICP-MS. High-speed photographs and video of an ICP are used to examine the validity of solution calibration for LA-ICP-MS and to study the trajectories, lifetimes, and emission behavior of particles traversing the plasma under a variety of conditions. No red emission clouds from YO are visible in the ICP when a 20-[mu]L min−1 nebulizer is used to spray a 2000 ppm aqueous yttrium solution, suggesting that the wet droplets from this nebulizer desolvate almost completely before entering the ICP. These desolvated particles appear to atomize and ionize like the small dry particulates from laser ablation. However, some large ablated particulates are observed to fly through the plasma intact, possibly contributing to elemental fractionation. Nevertheless, accurate calibration results using solution standards can be obtained for elements not affected by fractionation.

Author: Melody Bi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 318

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Author: James Joseph Leach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90

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This thesis concerns itself with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the analysis of solid samples. The instrumentation and attributes of ICP-MS are presented. The theoretical and practical considerations of laser ablation as a solid sampling source are reviewed. The feasibility of quantitative analysis of solids by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is assessed. A formula is presented which illustrates that solution standards can be used for the calibration of solids.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23

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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has become the method of choice for elemental and isotopic analysis. Several factors contribute to its success. Modern instruments are capable of routine analysis at part per trillion levels with relative detection limits in part per quadrillion levels. Sensitivities in these instruments can be as high as 200 million counts per second per part per million with linear dynamic ranges up to eight orders of magnitude. With standards for only a few elements, rapid semiquantitative analysis of over 70 elements in an individual sample can be performed. Less than 20 years after its inception ICP-MS has shown to be applicable to several areas of science. These include geochemistry, the nuclear industry, environmental chemistry, clinical chemistry, the semiconductor industry, and forensic chemistry. In this introduction, the general attributes of ICP-MS will be discussed in terms of instrumentation and sample introduction. The advantages and disadvantages of current systems are presented. A detailed description of one method of sample introduction, laser ablation, is given. The paper also gives conclusions and suggestions for future work. Chapter 2, Quantitative analysis of solids by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using dried solution aerosols for calibration, has been removed for separate processing.

Author: Joseph C. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mass spectrometry
Languages : en
Pages : 106

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Author: Akbar Montaser
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471186205
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1012

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Book Description
Alles über ICP-MS in einem Band! Renommierte Autoren informieren Sie über Theorie, Anwendung und instrumentelle Ausrüstung von A bis Z. Grundlagen werden ebenso behandelt wie neueste Entwicklungen, etwa bei Probenpräparation und Einsatz von Hochfrequenzgeneratoren. Enthält eine Fülle bisher unveröffentlichten Materials!

Author: Timothy Ronald Holbrook
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: P.J. Potts
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940153988X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633

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Book Description
without an appreciation of what happens in between. The techniques available for the chemical analysis of silicate rocks have undergone a revolution over the last 30 years. However, to use an analytical technique most effectively, No longer is the analytical balance the only instrument used it is essential to understand its analytical characteristics, in for quantitative measurement, as it was in the days of classi particular the excitation mechanism and the response of the cal gravimetric procedures. A wide variety of instrumental signal detection system. In this book, these characteristics techniques is now commonly used for silicate rock analysis, have been described within a framework of practical ana lytical aplications, especially for the routine multi-element including some that incorporate excitation sources and detec tion systems that have been developed only in the last few analysis of silicate rocks. All analytical techniques available years. These instrumental developments now permit a wide for routine silicate rock analysis are discussed, including range of trace elements to be determined on a routine basis. some more specialized procedures. Sufficient detail is In parallel with these exciting advances, users have tended included to provide practitioners of geochemistry with a firm to become more remote from the data production process. base from which to assess current performance, and in some This is, in part, an inevitable result of the widespread intro cases, future developments.

Author: Markus Wälle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 115

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Author: J. K. Holt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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Book Description
A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct chemical analysis of solids. An Nd:YAG laser is used for ablation and ionization of the sample in a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode that is coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Single pulse experiments have demonstrated simultaneous detection of up to 14 elements present in glasses in the ppm range. However, detection of the components has produced non-stoichiometric results due to difference in ionization potentials and fractionation effects. Time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used to spatially map elemental species on the surface and provide further evidence of fractionation effects. Resolution (m/Dm) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described.