Author: Gloria Wink Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic cigarettes Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
"Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have emerged in the marketplace in recent years and are gaining popularity, but with relatively little understanding of their health impact to consumers. To remedy the gap in knowledge about ECs and their emissions, we have developed a technique to measure their nicotine content, emission efficiency, and nicotine delivery using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Figures of merit for the GC-MS analytical method were determined. In addition to the analytical method development, we also studied the nicotine characteristics of disposable and re-fillable ECs (both in e-liquids and emissions) using our method. For the disposable ECs, prior to puffing, products were dissected; the nicotine containing solution was extracted with methanol and analyzed gravimetrically and by GC-MS to determine the contents of un-puffed devices. The aerosolized emissions of ECs were collected on filter pads using our in-house puffing machine, the contents of the filters were extracted, and subsequently analyzed gravimetrically and by GC-MS. Five popular brands of disposable ECs were studied and showed varying emission efficiencies under our puffing regime that corresponded to differing levels of nicotine delivery. Our results also show that there are discrepancies between the nicotine concentrations reported on disposable EC packaging by manufacturers and our analytical results. Three refillable EC devices were also tested for nicotine delivery using a variety of machine puffing parameters. Our results revealed the puffing parameters (puff duration, puff volume, and puff flow rate) play roles in the nicotine delivery of re-fillable ECs. In whole, this work contributes toward developing reliable analytical methods that will hopefully work toward a better understanding of the health impact of relatively new ECs on consumers and also to those in the indoor air environment that may passively consume EC emissions."--Abstract.
Author: Harris Alam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
Electronic cigarettes are a recent trend that has spark interest in young adults and teens. Due to the recent growth of electronic cigarette companies and their low manufacturing costs, this has allowed the entry-level price point to be drastically low allowing for teens and adults to become users. These products deliver an addictive dose of nicotine and, in the last years, have caused unexpected pulmonary complications that have often resulted in hospitalization. This project is a three-part study that aims to identify contaminants, nicotine concentration, and the psychological reasoning behind vaping. The first part of the study is a statistical overview of the population of students that do smoke and the psychological reason for them starting. This study focuses on the students at University of Central Florida. The second part is the utilization of analytical methods to determine the nicotine concentration and identify any contaminants found in electronic cigarette liquids. This part utilizes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Additionally, all chemicals that are identified using the GCMS are thoroughly reviewed to determine its usefulness in the electronic cigarette liquid and its effect on the human body. Acid-base titrations are used by many companies and by avid "DIY" vape users to determine the nicotine concentration in the liquid that has been manufactured. This method is very inaccurate and can only give a rough estimate of the nicotine concentration. The third part uses acid-base titrations to determine the nicotine concentration of the electronic cigarette liquids and compare them to the analytic data found in the previous test that utilizes gas chromatography.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030946837X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 775
Book Description
Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Publisher: ISBN: 9781082814914 Category : Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 924008696X Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper addresses Paragraph 3 of decision FCTC/COP7(9) of the Seventh Session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems in which the Convention Secretariat was requested “to invite Parties to monitor and report on scientific regulatory and market developments such as initiation, cessation, advertising and promotion, and WHO to report on the development of methods by regional and international standards-development organizations for the testing and measuring of contents and emissions of these products, at either the eighth or the ninth session of the COP, as applicable”. To this end, the paper provides relevant information on existing standardized methods for the determination of the contents and emissions of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and/or electronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS). This is available as a reference document and is cited in document FCTC/COP/7: “Progress report on technical matters related to Articles 9 and 10 of the WHO FCTC (Regulation of contents and disclosure of tobacco products, including waterpipe, smokeless tobacco and heated tobacco products)” - Report by the World Health Organization
Author: J.W. Gorrod Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080525512 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 773
Book Description
This book provides for the first time a single comprehensive source of information on the analytical chemistry of nicotine and related alkaloids. The editors have brought together scientists from academia and the tobacco industry to describe the state-of-the-art of the chemistry and analytical methods for measurement of nicotine. Both the scope and detail of the book are impressive. Chapters describe the history, pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine, the biosynthesis of nicotine and other alkaloids in the tobacco plant, the general chemistry of nicotine and the analytical methodologies that have been used to measure nicotine and related alkaloids in biological specimens, in tobacco and pharmaceutical products and in tobacco smoke. There is also a comprehensive review of the chemistry and toxicology of nicotine-derived nitrosamines, an important class of tobacco carcinogens.
Author: S.C. Moldoveanu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080540708 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 949
Book Description
Sample preparation is an essential step in many analyses. This book approaches the topic of sample preparation in chromatography in a methodical way, viewing it as a logical connection between sample collection and analytical chromatography. Providing a guide for choosing the appropriate sample preparation for a given analysis, this book describes various ways to process the sample, explaining the principle, discussing the advantages and disadvantages, describing the applicability to different types of samples, and showing the fitness to specific chromatographic determinations. The first part of the book contains an overview of sample preparation showing its relation to sample collection and to the core chromatographic analysis. The second part covers procedures that do not use chemical modifications of the analyte and includes methods for sample dissolution, concentration and cleanup designed mainly for modifying the initial matrix of the sample. This part starts with conventional separations such as filtration and distillation and finishes with more advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction and electroseparations. The third part gives a description of the chemical modifications that can be performed on a sample either for fractionation purposes or to improve a specific property of the analyte. This part includes derivatizations, polymer chemical degradations, and pyrolysis.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241505877 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
"The continued success in global tobacco control is detailed in this year’s WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013. The fourth in the series, this year’s report presents the status of the MPOWER measures, with country-specific data updated and aggregated through 2012. In addition, the report provides a special focus on legislation to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in WHO Member States and an in-depth analyses of TAPS bans were performed, allowing for a more detailed understanding of progress and future challenges in this area."--Website summary.
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher: ISBN: Category : Government publications Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: Gloria Wink
Author: Harris Alam
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Author: World Health Organization
Author: J.W. Gorrod
Author: S.C. Moldoveanu
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Amé Pictet
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General