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Author: George Nagy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
The need for a component capable of simulating semi-permanent changes in biological neurons, suitable for inclusion in brain models, and in perceptrons in particular, is discussed. Various devices intended for this purpose are reviewedAND EVALUATED. A novel method of flux integration, using a permalloy wire as the flux storing medium, and the voltage induced in a search coil as the result of magnetostriction in the wire for readout, is described in detail. The design procedure for the complete memory of an audio-perceptron, Tobermory, based on the magnetostrictive readout integrator, is oulined. Modifications in the integrator, intended to render it suitable for larger and topologically more sophisticated models, are anticipated. (Author).
Author: George Nagy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
The need for a component capable of simulating semi-permanent changes in biological neurons, suitable for inclusion in brain models, and in perceptrons in particular, is discussed. Various devices intended for this purpose are reviewedAND EVALUATED. A novel method of flux integration, using a permalloy wire as the flux storing medium, and the voltage induced in a search coil as the result of magnetostriction in the wire for readout, is described in detail. The design procedure for the complete memory of an audio-perceptron, Tobermory, based on the magnetostrictive readout integrator, is oulined. Modifications in the integrator, intended to render it suitable for larger and topologically more sophisticated models, are anticipated. (Author).
Author: George Nagy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
The need for a component capable of simulating semi-permanent changes in biological neurons, suitable for inclusion in brain models, and in perceptrons in particular, is discussed. Various devices intended for this purpose are reviewedAND EVALUATED. A novel method of flux integration, using a permalloy wire as the flux storing medium, and the voltage induced in a search coil as the result of magnetostriction in the wire for readout, is described in detail. The design procedure for the complete memory of an audio-perceptron, Tobermory, based on the magnetostrictive readout integrator, is oulined. Modifications in the integrator, intended to render it suitable for larger and topologically more sophisticated models, are anticipated. (Author).
Author: Daniel S. Levine Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1134771541 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 523
Book Description
The second published collection based on a conference sponsored by the Metroplex Institute for Neural Dynamics -- the first is Motivation, Emotion, and Goal Direction in Neural Networks (LEA, 1992) -- this book addresses the controversy between symbolicist artificial intelligence and neural network theory. A particular issue is how well neural networks -- well established for statistical pattern matching -- can perform the higher cognitive functions that are more often associated with symbolic approaches. This controversy has a long history, but recently erupted with arguments against the abilities of renewed neural network developments. More broadly than other attempts, the diverse contributions presented here not only address the theory and implementation of artificial neural networks for higher cognitive functions, but also critique the history of assumed epistemologies -- both neural networks and AI -- and include several neurobiological studies of human cognition as a real system to guide the further development of artificial ones. Organized into four major sections, this volume: * outlines the history of the AI/neural network controversy, the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, and shows the various capabilities such as generalization and discreetness as being along a broad but common continuum; * introduces several explicit, theoretical structures demonstrating the functional equivalences of neurocomputing with the staple objects of computer science and AI, such as sets and graphs; * shows variants on these types of networks that are applied in a variety of spheres, including reasoning from a geographic database, legal decision making, story comprehension, and performing arithmetic operations; * discusses knowledge representation process in living organisms, including evidence from experimental psychology, behavioral neurobiology, and electroencephalographic responses to sensory stimuli.
Author: João Moura Barbosa Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
"Our ability to memorize is at the core of our cognitive abilities. How could we effectively make decisions without considering memories of previous experiences? Broadly, our memories can be divided in two categories: long-term and short-term memories. Sometimes, short-term memory is also called working memory and throughout this thesis I will use both terms interchangeably. As the names suggest, long-term memory is the memory you use when you remember concepts for a long time, such as your name or age, while short-term memory is the system you engage while choosing between different wines at the liquor store. As your attention jumps from one bottle to another, you need to hold in memory characteristics of previous ones to pick your favourite. By the time you pick your favourite bottle, you might remember the prices or grape types of the other bottles, but you are likely to forget all of those details an hour later at home, opening the wine in front of your guests.The overall goal of this thesis is to study the neural mechanisms that underlie working memory interference, as reflected in quantitative, systematic behavioral biases. Ultimately, the goal of each chapter, even when focused exclusively on behavioral experiments, is to nail down plausible neural mechanisms that can produce specific behavioral and neurophysiological findings. To this end, we use the bump-attractor model as our working hypothesis, with which we often contrast the synaptic working memory model. The work performed during this thesis is described here in 3 main chapters, encapsulation 5 broad goals:In Chapter 4.1, we aim at testing behavioral predictions of a bump-attractor (1) network when used to store multiple items. Moreover, we connected two of such networks aiming to model feature-binding through selectivity synchronization (2).In Chapter 4.2, we aim to clarify the mechanisms of working memory interference from previous memories (3), the so-called serial biases. These biases provide an excellent opportunity to contrast activity-based and activity-silent mechanisms because both mechanisms have been proposed to be the underlying cause of those biases.In Chapter 4.3, armed with the same techniques used to seek evidence for activity-silent mechanisms, we test a prediction of the bump-attractor model with short-term plasticity (4). Finally, in light of the results from aim 4 and simple computer simulations, we reinterpret previous studies claiming evidence for activity-silent mechanisms (5)." -- TDX.
Author: National Academy of Sciences Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309045290 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Author: Nelson Cowan Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317232380 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Author: Karl H. Pribram Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317780949 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 566
Book Description
The result of the first Appalachian Conference on neurodynamics, this volume focuses on processing in biological neural networks. How do brain processes become organized during decision making? That is, what are the neural antecedents that determine which course of action is to be pursued? Half of the contributions deal with modelling synapto-dendritic and neural ultrastructural processes; the remainder, with laboratory research findings, often cast in terms of the models. The interchanges at the conference and the ensuing publication also provide a foundation for further meetings. These will address how processes in different brain systems, coactive with the neural residues of experience and with sensory input, determine decisions.
Author: George Nagy
Author: George Nagy
Author: George Nagy
Author: Moulishankar Chandrasekaran
Author: Marcelo Matheus Gauy
Author: Randy L. Shimabukuro
Author: Daniel S. Levine
Author: João Moura Barbosa
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Author: Nelson Cowan
Author: Karl H. Pribram