Análisis estadístico de datos funcionales y su aplicación en el estudio del PM10 en Bogotá, Colombia PDF Download

Author: Sebastián Felipe Calcetero Vanegas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :

View

Book Description
El análisis de datos funcionales es un área de la estadística que ha crecido en el último año dado su potencial de aplicación en diversas áreas, en especial en aquellas en que se requiere de modelos parsimoniosos debido a la gran cantidad de información disponible. De esta forma, se tiene una situación que no es tratable de forma apropiada desde las técnicas de la estadística multivariada clásica. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar un enfoque diferente para poder hacer un análisis acertado de los datos funcionales. En ese orden de ideas, el objetivo de este proyecto es por un lado realizar una revisión de las técnicas utilizadas para el manejo y análisis estadístico de datos funcionales, y por otro, ilustrar su funcionamiento en un caso de aplicación en una situación de interés. Siendo más específico, se describen brevemente algunos conceptos de relevancia en el contexto de datos funcionales, así como algunas estrategias cuantitativas desarrolladas para analizar estadísticamente, y se muestra su aplicación al entendimiento del PM10 en Bogotá, y contrastar su posible utilidad en el desarrollo de políticas de control de la contaminación del aire.

Author: Tamy Goretty Trujillo Escobar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :

View

Book Description
En este trabajo se exploran dos enfoques diferentes para predecir el comportamiento en los niveles del contaminante ambiental PM10 en función de las variables atmosféricas velocidad y dirección del viento para la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). El primer modelo, se consideran un conjunto de series de tiempo generadas mediante procesos ARIMA, y en el segundo, se hace una predicción con base en una regresión por análisis de datos funcionales. De los resultados obtenidos se comparan las bondades de la predicción para cada uno de los modelos planteados, resultando, que los pronósticos en las concentraciones del contaminante determinados con datos funcionales son comparables tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente a los obtenidos en modelos de series de tiempo más detallados.

Author: Camilo Andrés Cáceres Tocora
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :

View

Book Description
La razón PM10/PM2.5 junto con variables meteorológicas como la precipitación, la velocidad y dirección del viento nos da información de los procesos y la procedencia del material particulado. Con el fin de obtener esta información, se tomaron los datos horarios de 6 estaciones de monitoreo de Bogotá para los años 2014-2016, se validaron y se analizó esta razón en el ciclo diurno. Se determinó que la razón promedio fue de 0.44 para toda la ciudad. Es decir que, en peso, las partículas finas son casi la mitad del peso de las partículas gruesas. Se determinó que en las horas de la noche y algunas de la mañana, el PM2.5 explica casi totalmente el PM10 dada la poca variabilidad en las velocidades del viento ya que procesos de resuspensión disminuyen. No obstante, en las horas de la tarde esta correlación es baja en casi todas las estaciones debido a la presencia...

Author: Mariano J. Valderrama
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788471337016
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 128

View

Book Description
La modelización clásica de datos temporales parte del carácter discreto de la serie objeto de estudio, es decir, la ocurrencia se produce en instantes de tiempo concretos, a pesar de que el fenómeno estudiado puede en ocasiones evolucionar de forma continua a lo largo del tiempo. Así, en los últimos años se están introduciendo metodologías funcionales para el tratamiento de tales series, respetando su naturaleza en tiempo-continuo. La presente monografía recoge, de forma divulgativa, algunos de los aspectos usuales en el análisis de datos funcionales, incluyendo las aportaciones fundamentales realizadas por los autores sobre el tema. Así, tras repasar los conceptos teóricos básicos sobre espacios funcionales, se abordan los métodos de modelización estocástica basados en el análisis en componentes principales, así como los algoritmos numéricos necesarios para su implementación, introduciendo seguidamente los modelos PCP para predecir series funcionales. Finalmente, se incluye un capítulo dedicado a aplicaciones con datos reales y simulados.

Author: Santiago Arango Piñeros
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
In 1984, Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone published the book Classification and Regression Trees which they developed the theory of a new nonparametric tool for data analysis. The proof of the methods value is that it remains in force today as one of the main techniques in statistical learning. Classification and Regression Trees have been used in various settings, from medicine to air quality. This thesis applies the classification techniques introduced by Brieman et al. for the analysis particulate matter dynamics in Bogotá city. In section 2, we start by giving a general introduction to the classification methodology with an algorithmic taste, designed to understand the applications rather than the underlying mathematical theory. In section 3 we give a detailed description of the databases used and the properties of the studied variables. In section 4 we describe the methodology followed and the preliminary results that were obtained in the experimentation phase. We hope that this section will be useful to understand the choosing of predictive variables and the selected format of the data. In section 5 we present the specific results of each studied station and afterwards we in section 6 infer more general conclusions at the city level. Finally, in section 7 we discuss a nice application of the results obtained and in section 8 we propose future lines of work on these topics.

Author: Piet Lens
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843391007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 545

View

Book Description
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.

Author: William McDonough
Publisher: North Point Press
ISBN: 1429973846
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 207

View

Book Description
A manifesto for a radically different philosophy and practice of manufacture and environmentalism "Reduce, reuse, recycle" urge environmentalists; in other words, do more with less in order to minimize damage. But as this provocative, visionary book argues, this approach perpetuates a one-way, "cradle to grave" manufacturing model that dates to the Industrial Revolution and casts off as much as 90 percent of the materials it uses as waste, much of it toxic. Why not challenge the notion that human industry must inevitably damage the natural world? In fact, why not take nature itself as our model? A tree produces thousands of blossoms in order to create another tree, yet we do not consider its abundance wasteful but safe, beautiful, and highly effective; hence, "waste equals food" is the first principle the book sets forth. Products might be designed so that, after their useful life, they provide nourishment for something new-either as "biological nutrients" that safely re-enter the environment or as "technical nutrients" that circulate within closed-loop industrial cycles, without being "downcycled" into low-grade uses (as most "recyclables" now are). Elaborating their principles from experience (re)designing everything from carpeting to corporate campuses, William McDonough and Michael Braungart make an exciting and viable case for change.

Author: Melissa R. Marselle
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030023184
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 494

View

Book Description
This open access book identifies and discusses biodiversity’s contribution to physical, mental and spiritual health and wellbeing. Furthermore, the book identifies the implications of this relationship for nature conservation, public health, landscape architecture and urban planning – and considers the opportunities of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. This transdisciplinary book will attract a wide audience interested in biodiversity, ecology, resource management, public health, psychology, urban planning, and landscape architecture. The emphasis is on multiple human health benefits from biodiversity - in particular with respect to the increasing challenge of climate change. This makes the book unique to other books that focus either on biodiversity and physical health or natural environments and mental wellbeing. The book is written as a definitive ‘go-to’ book for those who are new to the field of biodiversity and health.

Author: Sukhada Mohandas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811015856
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345

View

Book Description
Bananas and plantains are among the most important food and cash crops in the world. They are cultivated in more than 135 countries, across the tropics and subtropics, with an annual global production of ca. 130 million metric tonnes. Though bananas are one of the most important components of food security in many developing countries, banana production is threatened by both abiotic and biotic stresses. These include a wide range of diseases and pests, such as bunchy top virus, burrowing nematodes, black Sigatoka or black leaf streak, Fusarium wilt, etc. In recent years, considerable progress has been made and several biotechnological and genomic tools have been employed to help understand and unravel the mysterious banana genome. Molecular and genomic studies have helped to decipher the Musa genome and its evolution. Genetic linkage map and whole genome sequencing of both Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana (progenitors of cultivated banana) have completely changed the way of thinking and the approach on banana crop improvement. Whole-genome sequencing has helped to improve the selection of quantitative traits such as yield, as well as the selection of optimal parents for developing required hybrids in breeding programs. Gene isolation and the analysis of mutants have helped in the characterization of genes of agronomic value and the associated regulatory sequences. With the advent of molecular markers and new statistical tools, it is now possible to measure the diversity, identify genes and useful alleles linked to important agronomic traits. Further these alleles can be incorporated into cultivars through marker assisted selection or through transgenic approach. Transgenic approaches are potential tools for direct transfer of these genes into popular cultivars, which are generally not amenable for conventional breeding techniques, in specific with crops such as bananas which are sterile, triploid and heterozygous thereby making it difficult to reconstruct the recurrent genotypes in banana. Transgenic techniques thus have helped overcome the difficulty of working with sterile, triploid banana crop. In the last five years, enormous amount of new information and techniques have been generated for banana. A comprehensive book entitled “Banana: Genomics and Transgenic Approaches for Genetic improvement” on banana genomics, latest transgenic technologies and tools available for improved crop development in banana will address all these requirements.

Author: United States. Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairying
Languages : en
Pages : 70

View

Book Description