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An Update on Neurological Disorders Post COVID-19 Infection

An Update on Neurological Disorders Post COVID-19 Infection PDF Author: Beatrice Paradiso
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832531318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126

Book Description
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produces the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with atypical pneumonia. This infection is a global health challenge producing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), including neuro-PASC in which direct or indirect invasion of the virus into the brain causes immune dysregulation, hormonal disorders, elevated cytokine levels due to immune reaction and chronic inflammation, direct tissue injury, and persistent low-grade infection. The COVID-19 induced-neuroinflammation promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, access of antigens and inflammatory factors into the brain, as well as infection or immune-mediated response in the neuromuscular system. It is therefore necessary to explore whether there is a close correlation with the adenosine pathway, the activation of the ACE receptor by the virus, the concentration of IL6 and the neuro-invasive effect of COVID-19. Other points of interest are the analysis of the autonomic dysfunction induced by cytokines; the effect of vaccine mRNA delivery in Central and Peripheral Nervous System, the long-term effects of Covid 19 infection and/or therapeutic approach in different pandemic countries. In this Research Topic we aim to including submissions and research from different countries, which will allow comparisons of loco-regional clinical experiences, diagnostic flow-charts, and different therapeutic approaches.

An Update on Neurological Disorders Post COVID-19 Infection

An Update on Neurological Disorders Post COVID-19 Infection PDF Author: Beatrice Paradiso
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832531318
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126

Book Description
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produces the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with atypical pneumonia. This infection is a global health challenge producing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), including neuro-PASC in which direct or indirect invasion of the virus into the brain causes immune dysregulation, hormonal disorders, elevated cytokine levels due to immune reaction and chronic inflammation, direct tissue injury, and persistent low-grade infection. The COVID-19 induced-neuroinflammation promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, access of antigens and inflammatory factors into the brain, as well as infection or immune-mediated response in the neuromuscular system. It is therefore necessary to explore whether there is a close correlation with the adenosine pathway, the activation of the ACE receptor by the virus, the concentration of IL6 and the neuro-invasive effect of COVID-19. Other points of interest are the analysis of the autonomic dysfunction induced by cytokines; the effect of vaccine mRNA delivery in Central and Peripheral Nervous System, the long-term effects of Covid 19 infection and/or therapeutic approach in different pandemic countries. In this Research Topic we aim to including submissions and research from different countries, which will allow comparisons of loco-regional clinical experiences, diagnostic flow-charts, and different therapeutic approaches.

Fangcang Shelter Hospitals For Covid-19: Construction And Operation Manual

Fangcang Shelter Hospitals For Covid-19: Construction And Operation Manual PDF Author:
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811223092
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 125

Book Description
A novel public health concept, the Fangcang Shelter Hospital was first proposed by Professor Wang Chen, an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, in Wuhan, China, in February 2020. While responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, medical staff faced the pressing situation of limited medical supplies, which led Professor Wang Chen to the suggestion of converting large-scale public venues such as exhibition centers and indoor stadiums into shelter hospitals to receive large number of patients, as this involved minimum time and monetary costs. The five essential functions of Fangcang Shelter Hospitals (isolation, triage, provision of basic medical care, frequent monitoring and rapid referral, and essential living and social engagement) enable shelter hospitals to receive patients with mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19, and have the greatest impact on isolating the source of infection and expanding the area's health-care capacity.Two of the first three Fangcang Shelter Hospitals set up in Wuhan were redeveloped by Zall Group Property from existing buildings, while Zall Foundation was responsible for the provision of essential medical supplies and logistical support to facilitate the running of these shelter hospitals. In total, the two shelter hospitals have been instrumental in diagnosing, treating and curing 3663 patients. Under the medical expertise and guidance of Professor Wang Chen, as well as inputs from Zall Foundation's crews who contributed to the design, renovation and operation of these shelter hospitals, this manual encompasses knowledge and experience distilled from the running of these Fangcang Shelter Hospitals. Covering five important aspects, namely the proposal, design, renovation, operation, and logistical support for shelter hospitals, this booklet aims to be a useful reference for other epidemic prevention and control efforts in regions around the world. The manual has been translated into more than 20 languages.

Interleukin-10 in Health and Disease

Interleukin-10 in Health and Disease PDF Author: Simon Fillatreau
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 366243492X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 244

Book Description
This volume provides a set of reviews dedicated to the biology of Interleukin (IL)-10. It includes chapters on its importance for maintaining immune homeostasis in humans, its role in intestinal immunity and its functions during viral and bacterial infections. In addition, it presents reviews on the mechanisms linking innate microbial recognition to the production of IL-10 and on how IL-10 recognition by its receptor functions. The roles of T and B cells as relevant sources of IL-10 are also discussed, with an emphasis on the clinical opportunities offered by IL-10-producing Tr1 cells for the suppression of unwanted immunity. Finally, the functions of other cytokines of the IL-10 family are presented. Collectively, these articles provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines known to date.

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Nervous System PDF Author: Peter G. E. Kennedy
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304

Book Description
Infections of the Nervous System aims to continue the legacy of its predecessor, Modern Trends in Neurology. Its goal is to produce annually a monograph on a topic in clinical neurology in which progress through research has brought about new concepts of patient management. This book is organized into 13 chapters. It highlights the areas or subjects in which significant advances have been made which also have relevance to the treatment of patients. It covers a number of important aspects of different infectious diseases of the nervous system including acute bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis o ...

Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity

Neuro-Immune Interactions in Inflammation and Autoimmunity PDF Author: Valentin A. Pavlov
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455335
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222

Book Description
The nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. On the other hand unbalanced immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have a deleterious impact on neuronal integrity and brain function. Recent studies have characterized neural pathways communicating peripheral inflammatory signals to the CNS, and brain- and spinal cord-derived circuitries controlling various innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. A prototypical neural reflex circuit that regulates immunity and inflammation is the vagus nerve-based “inflammatory reflex”. Ongoing research has revealed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these neural circuits and indicated new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological and bioelectronic modulation of neural circuitry has been successfully explored in preclinical settings of sepsis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity-driven disorders, diabetes and other diseases. These studies paved the way to successful clinical trials with bioelectronic neuronal modulation in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Dysregulated release of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules may have a severe impact on brain function. Brain inflammation (neuroinflammation), imbalances in brain neuronal integrity and neurotransmitter systems, and cognitive impairment are characteristic features of post-operative conditions, sepsis, liver diseases, diabetes and other disorders characterized by immune and metabolic dysregulation. Derangements in cytokine release also play a pivotal role in depression. Characteristic brain reactive antibodies in autoimmune conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica, significantly contribute to brain pathology and cognitive impairment. These studies, and the simultaneous characterization of neuro-protective cytokines, identified new therapeutic approaches for treating neurological complications in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This Frontiers Research Topic is a forum for publishing research findings and methodological and conceptual advances at the intersection of immunology and neuroscience. We hope that presenting new insight into bi-directional neuro-immune communication in inflammation and autoimmunity will foster further collaborations and facilitate the development of new efficient therapeutic strategies.

Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis

Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis PDF Author: Ehud Lavi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387255184
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 892

Book Description
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an enigmatic immune mediated disease of the central nervous system that affects about 350,000 individuals in the US, and many more around the world. The mechanism of this disease is largely unknown and there is no cure for it. However, there are several well-characterized experimental animal models that help us understand and speculate about potential mechanisms of pathology in this disease. Many of the experimental therapies designed for this disease rely on testing the drugs in animal models before using it in clinical trials. This book combines for the first time the different experimental models for MS (including immune-mediated and viral) under one roof, and highlights aspects that are different or shared among these experimental models. It’s aim is to improve our understanding of this devastating disease and help us think about potential additional therapies for it.

Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice

Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice PDF Author: Bashar Katirji
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461465672
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1565

Book Description
Comprehensive, thoroughly updated, and expanded, Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice, Second Edition encompasses all disorders of the peripheral nervous system, covering all aspects of neuromuscular diseases from diagnosis to treatment. Mirroring the first book, this two-volume edition is divided into two parts. Part one discusses the approach to neuromuscular disorders, covering principles and basics, neuromuscular investigations, and assessment and treatment of neurological disorders. Part two then addresses the complete range of specific neuromuscular diseases: neuronopathies, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders, muscle ion channel disorders, myopathies, and miscellaneous neuromuscular disorders and syndromes. Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice, Second Edition is intended to serve as a comprehensive text for both novice and experienced practitioners. General neurologists as well as specialists in neuromuscular medicine and trainees in neuromuscular medicine, clinical neurophysiology and electromyography should find this book inclusive, comprehensive, practical and highly clinically focused. Additionally, specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation, rheumatology, neurosurgery, and orthopedics will find the book of great value in their practice.

Havana Syndrome

Havana Syndrome PDF Author: Robert W. Baloh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030407462
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 203

Book Description
It is one of the most extraordinary cases in the history of science: the mating calls of insects were mistaken for a “sonic weapon” that led to a major diplomatic row. Since August 2017, the world media has been absorbed in the “attack” on diplomats from the American and Canadian Embassies in Cuba. While physicians treating victims have described it as a novel and perplexing condition that involves an array of complaints including brain damage, the authors present compelling evidence that mass psychogenic illness was the cause of “Havana Syndrome.” This mysterious condition that has baffled experts is explored across 11-chapters which offer insights by a prominent neurologist and an expert on psychogenic illness. A lively and enthralling read, the authors explore the history of similar scares from the 18th century belief that sounds from certain musical instruments were harmful to human health, to 19th century cases of “telephone shock,” and more contemporary panics involving people living near wind turbines that have been tied to a variety of health complaints. The authors provide dozens of examples of kindred episodes of mass hysteria throughout history, in addition to psychosomatic conditions and even the role of insects in triggering outbreaks. Havana Syndrome: Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria is a scientific detective story and a case study in the social construction of mass psychogenic illness.

 Cardioimmunology: Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease

 Cardioimmunology: Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease PDF Author: Mohamed Boutjdir
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889633977
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 263

Book Description


Improving Critical Care Survivorship

Improving Critical Care Survivorship PDF Author: Kimberley J. Haines
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030686809
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300

Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of improving critical care survivorship. Comprised of four sections, the text presents interventions that can be used to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of post-intensive care syndrome across the arc of care, from the ICU to returning home. The first section of the text focuses on preventing adverse outcomes in the ICU, with an emphasis on implementing early mobilization, engaging and supporting families, and employing various forms of therapy. The second section revolves around enhancing recovery post-ICU, focusing on physical and neurocognitive rehabilitation programs, peer support, and poly-pharmacy management. Community reintegration is the subject of the third section, with emphasis on socioeconomic reintegration, healthcare utilization, and volunteerism in ICU recovery. The book concludes with a section on future considerations, specifically spotlighting preliminary ideas that address long-term sequelae and international collaboration to solve critical care challenges. Written by experts in the field, Improving Critical Care Survivorship: A Guide for Prevention, Recovery, and Reintegration is a valuable resource for critical care clinicians and researchers interested in improving the quality of patient survival after ICU admission.