An Investigation of the Heat and Moisture Performance of a Ventilated Masonry Retrofit for Historic Structures PDF Download
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Author: Nastassja Pearson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Insulating historic masonry buildings will improve thermal performance. However, heritage requirements often limit the addition of insulation to the interior surface. This can lead to colder and wetter walls. Freezing temperatures coupled with high moisture levels in the brick leave the walls susceptible to frost damage. Current retrofit designs attempt to control condensation of interior moisture. However, these designs do not consider exterior moisture sources, nor do they allow for interstitial moisture to be easily removed. This thesis presents an innovative, ventilated masonry retrofit that utilizes drainage and drying to address moisture accumulation issues. Computer simulations are used to assess and compare the hygrothermal performance of typical and ventilated masonry retrofits. The results show masonry moisture contents are reduced when ventilation drying is provided. Further, these simulations show it may be possible to increase thermal insulation levels in historic masonry buildings without damaging the very façade to be preserved.
Author: Nastassja Pearson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Insulating historic masonry buildings will improve thermal performance. However, heritage requirements often limit the addition of insulation to the interior surface. This can lead to colder and wetter walls. Freezing temperatures coupled with high moisture levels in the brick leave the walls susceptible to frost damage. Current retrofit designs attempt to control condensation of interior moisture. However, these designs do not consider exterior moisture sources, nor do they allow for interstitial moisture to be easily removed. This thesis presents an innovative, ventilated masonry retrofit that utilizes drainage and drying to address moisture accumulation issues. Computer simulations are used to assess and compare the hygrothermal performance of typical and ventilated masonry retrofits. The results show masonry moisture contents are reduced when ventilation drying is provided. Further, these simulations show it may be possible to increase thermal insulation levels in historic masonry buildings without damaging the very façade to be preserved.
Author: Ekaterina Tzekova Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Historic buildings are less energy efficient than modern structures due to the nature of their construction. Although envelope improvements can reduce operating energy, such retrofits can potentially accelerate the deterioration of the historic facade. Consequently, the challenge is to improve the energy performance while maintaining a durable facade. This research proposes a retrofit approach for historic buildings that addresses both energy consumption and durability of the masonry facade. To improve energy performance, an 1879 historic solid masonry home was retrofitted using an innovative Nested Thermal Envelope Design (NTED). An envelope controlling heat, moisture and air movement was constructed around Core and Perimeter zones that were independently operated. Conditioning the entire house provided 36% space heating energy savings below the Ontario Building Code 2012, while turning off the heat to the Perimeter areas increased savings to 68%. To address durability concerns arising from insulating the masonry walls, the use of a vented airspace installed between the masonry and the thermal insulation was explored. The vented airspace at the first field trial increased the drying potential of the historic masonry during the winter when the brick was most vulnerable to freeze-thaw damage. An estimated 1.1 kg/m2/a was removed at South and East walls. The second field trial showed drying between 4.3 kg/m2/a and 5.7 kg/m2/a at the South and 0.08 kg/m2/a wetting at the North. In situ moisture content levels of the brick varied between 10% - 15% while laboratory testing of similar brick revealed a saturated moisture content of 29%. Both field trials showed that the vented airspace drying potential was influenced by facade orientation and solar radiation levels. An alternative way of constructing the airspace was then tested in the laboratory to explore the use of air permeable insulation in lieu of a clear airspace. Walls constructed with rock wool insulation and vent holes, but with no clear airspace, removed between 52% - 90% of moisture, depending on the insulation density and vent hole area. Walls featuring a clear airspace removed between 59% - 95% of moisture. These laboratory tests showed that enough air was able to move through the air permeable insulation thereby improving the drying potential of the walls.
Author: Arianna Brambilla Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0128210982 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 201
Book Description
One in three homes, on average, suffer from excessive dampness and mould proliferation, with significant health and economic impacts. The combination of new construction methodologies, stricter airtightness requirements and the changing social and cultural context that influences the way we live inside buildings has created unprecedented challenges for the built environment. In modifying indoor and outdoor environments and the building envelopes that serve as a filter between the two, we are changing the physical parameters of the ways in which buildings behave and respond to climatic stimuli. Understanding and predicting the way in which buildings and moisture may interact should be an important step in the design process, aiming to minimise possible negative long-term consequences. Understanding and predicting the way in which buildings and moisture may interact is, today more than ever, essential yet difficult, as the experience of the past has lost its applicability. Moisture-related issues never have a simple solution, since they involve multiple factors, including design, construction, maintenance, materials, climate and occupation pattern. Thus, while the topic is attracting growing attention among researchers, designers and practitioners, the pace with which actual change is occurring is still too slow. Moisture and Buildings provides a critical overview of current research, knowledge and policy frameworks, and presents a comprehensive analysis of the implications of moisture and the importance of accounting for it during the design process. It responds to the urgent need for a systematic organization of the existing knowledge to identify research gaps and provide directions for future developments. The ultimate goal is to increase awareness of the multifaceted implications of hygrothermal phenomena and promote integrated design processes that lead to healthier and more durable constructions. - Presents advanced knowledge on hygrothermal processes and their interaction with buildings - Integrates the three key areas of moisture transport and its impact on buildings, including durability, human health and comfort - Considers the most useful computational tools for assessing moisture and building interactions - Includes a section on the main European, American and Australian building codes - Explains the risks of mold growth to human health, including growth models to assessment methods
Author: Ahmad A. Hamid Publisher: ISBN: 9781929081608 Category : Buildings Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
This book provides background, reference material, and guidance to design professionals, building owners, and contractors on existing masonry. Construction characteristics of masonry structures, typical material properties, and analytical approaches are included for historic, transitional, and modern masonry construction typologies. The main focus of the book is structural stabilization, strengthening, and retrofit with maintenance and serviceability items (such as water penetration and cleaning) addressed as subtopics.This book also incorporates discussion on the evaluation and retrofit process, site investigation and analysis, retrofit, monitoring, and maintenance. Assessment and retrofit projects conducted by the authors are presented as case studies to highlight technical issues and illustrate the process of developing a rational methodology for different types of masonry assessment and retrofit projects.Assessment and retrofit projects conducted by the authors are presented in a special Chapter as case studies to highlight technical issues and illustrate the process of developing a rational assessment and retrofit methodology for different types of masonry assessment and retrofit projects.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
?There are many existing buildings with load-bearing mass masonry walls, whose energy performance could be improved with the retrofit of insulation. However, adding insulation to the interior side of walls of such masonry buildings in cold (and wet) climates may cause performance and durability problems. Some concerns, such as condensation and freeze-thaw have known solutions. But wood members embedded in the masonry structure will be colder (and potentially wetter) after an interior insulation retrofit. Moisture content and relative humidity were monitored at joist ends in historic mass brick masonry walls retrofitted with interior insulation in a cold climate (Zone 5A); data were collected from 2012-2015. Eleven joist ends were monitored in all four orientations. One limitation of these results is that the renovation is still ongoing, with limited wintertime construction heating and no permanent occupancy to date. Measurements show that many joists ends remain at high moisture contents, especially at north- and east-facing orientations, with constant 100 percent RH conditions at the worst cases. These high moisture levels are not conducive for wood durability, but no evidence for actual structural damage has been observed. Insulated vs. non-insulated joist pockets do not show large differences. South facing joists have safe (10-15 percent) moisture contents. Given the uncertainty pointed out by research, definitive guidance on the vulnerability of embedded wood members is difficult to formulate. In high-risk situations, or when a very conservative approach is warranted, the embedded wood member condition can be eliminated entirely, supporting the joist ends outside of the masonry pocket.
Author: Bahman Ghiassi Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081021119 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
Long-Term Performance and Durability of Masonry Structures: Degradation Mechanisms, Health Monitoring and Service Life Design focuses on the long-term performance of masonry and historical structures. The book covers a wide range of related topics, including degradation mechanisms in different masonry types, structural health monitoring techniques, and long-term performance and service life design approaches. Each chapter reflects recent findings and the state-of-the-art, providing practical guidelines. Key topics covered include the theoretical background, transport properties, testing and modeling, protective measures and standards and codes. The book's focus is on individual construction materials, the composite system and structural performance. - Covers all issues related to durability, including degradation mechanisms, testing and design, monitoring and service life design - Focuses on different masonry construction types - Presents a 'one-stop' reference for advanced postgraduate courses that focuses on the durability of masonry and historical constructions
Author: British Standards Institute Staff Publisher: ISBN: 9780580547416 Category : Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
Construction systems parts, Construction materials, Moisture, Moisture measurement, Water absorption, Water vapour, Condensation, Humidity, Rainfall, Heat transfer, Drying, Mathematical calculations, Simulation, Thermal design of buildings
Author: Nastassja Pearson
Author: Nastassja Pearson
Author: 
Author: Ekaterina Tzekova
Author: Center for Building Technology
Author: Baird M. Smith
Author: Arianna Brambilla
Author: Ahmad A. Hamid
Author: 
Author: Bahman Ghiassi
Author: British Standards Institute Staff