An Introduction to Optimal Designs for Social and Biomedical Research PDF Download

Author: Martijn P.F. Berger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470746929
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Book Description
The increasing cost of research means that scientists are in more urgent need of optimal design theory to increase the efficiency of parameter estimators and the statistical power of their tests. The objectives of a good design are to provide interpretable and accurate inference at minimal costs. Optimal design theory can help to identify a design with maximum power and maximum information for a statistical model and, at the same time, enable researchers to check on the model assumptions. This Book: Introduces optimal experimental design in an accessible format. Provides guidelines for practitioners to increase the efficiency of their designs, and demonstrates how optimal designs can reduce a study’s costs. Discusses the merits of optimal designs and compares them with commonly used designs. Takes the reader from simple linear regression models to advanced designs for multiple linear regression and nonlinear models in a systematic manner. Illustrates design techniques with practical examples from social and biomedical research to enhance the reader’s understanding. Researchers and students studying social, behavioural and biomedical sciences will find this book useful for understanding design issues and in putting optimal design ideas to practice.

Author: Valerii V. Fedorov
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439821518
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Book Description
Optimal Design for Nonlinear Response Models discusses the theory and applications of model-based experimental design with a strong emphasis on biopharmaceutical studies. The book draws on the authors’ many years of experience in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. While the focus is on nonlinear models, the book begins with an explanation of the key ideas, using linear models as examples. Applying the linearization in the parameter space, it then covers nonlinear models and locally optimal designs as well as minimax, optimal on average, and Bayesian designs. The authors also discuss adaptive designs, focusing on procedures with non-informative stopping. The common goals of experimental design—such as reducing costs, supporting efficient decision making, and gaining maximum information under various constraints—are often the same across diverse applied areas. Ethical and regulatory aspects play a much more prominent role in biological, medical, and pharmaceutical research. The authors address all of these issues through many examples in the book.

Author: Wim J. van der Linden
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351645455
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1584

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Book Description
Drawing on the work of 75 internationally acclaimed experts in the field, Handbook of Item Response Theory, Three-Volume Set presents all major item response models, classical and modern statistical tools used in item response theory (IRT), and major areas of applications of IRT in educational and psychological testing, medical diagnosis of patient-reported outcomes, and marketing research. It also covers CRAN packages, WinBUGS, Bilog MG, Multilog, Parscale, IRTPRO, Mplus, GLLAMM, Latent Gold, and numerous other software tools. A full update of editor Wim J. van der Linden and Ronald K. Hambleton’s classic Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory, this handbook has been expanded from 28 chapters to 85 chapters in three volumes. The three volumes are thoroughly edited and cross-referenced, with uniform notation, format, and pedagogical principles across all chapters. Each chapter is self-contained and deals with the latest developments in IRT.

Author: Angela Dean
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146650434X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 946

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Book Description
This carefully edited collection synthesizes the state of the art in the theory and applications of designed experiments and their analyses. It provides a detailed overview of the tools required for the optimal design of experiments and their analyses. The handbook covers many recent advances in the field, including designs for nonlinear models and algorithms applicable to a wide variety of design problems. It also explores the extensive use of experimental designs in marketing, the pharmaceutical industry, engineering and other areas.

Author: Marc A. Scott
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1473971314
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 954

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Book Description
In this important new Handbook, the editors have gathered together a range of leading contributors to introduce the theory and practice of multilevel modeling. The Handbook establishes the connections in multilevel modeling, bringing together leading experts from around the world to provide a roadmap for applied researchers linking theory and practice, as well as a unique arsenal of state-of-the-art tools. It forges vital connections that cross traditional disciplinary divides and introduces best practice in the field. Part I establishes the framework for estimation and inference, including chapters dedicated to notation, model selection, fixed and random effects, and causal inference. Part II develops variations and extensions, such as nonlinear, semiparametric and latent class models. Part III includes discussion of missing data and robust methods, assessment of fit and software. Part IV consists of exemplary modeling and data analyses written by methodologists working in specific disciplines. Combining practical pieces with overviews of the field, this Handbook is essential reading for any student or researcher looking to apply multilevel techniques in their own research.

Author: Timothy C. Haas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118636236
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 271

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Book Description
Explores computer-intensive probability and statistics for ecosystem management decision making Simulation is an accessible way to explain probability and stochastic model behavior to beginners. This book introduces probability and statistics to future and practicing ecosystem managers by providing a comprehensive treatment of these two areas. The author presents a self-contained introduction for individuals involved in monitoring, assessing, and managing ecosystems and features intuitive, simulation-based explanations of probabilistic and statistical concepts. Mathematical programming details are provided for estimating ecosystem model parameters with Minimum Distance, a robust and computer-intensive method. The majority of examples illustrate how probability and statistics can be applied to ecosystem management challenges. There are over 50 exercises – making this book suitable for a lecture course in a natural resource and/or wildlife management department, or as the main text in a program of self-study. Key features: Reviews different approaches to wildlife and ecosystem management and inference. Uses simulation as an accessible way to explain probability and stochastic model behavior to beginners. Covers material from basic probability through to hierarchical Bayesian models and spatial/ spatio-temporal statistical inference. Provides detailed instructions for using R, along with complete R programs to recreate the output of the many examples presented. Provides an introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) along with examples from Quantum GIS, a free GIS software package. A companion website featuring all R code and data used throughout the book. Solutions to all exercises are presented along with an online intelligent tutoring system that supports readers who are using the book for self-study.

Author: Michael J. Campbell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118763602
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 266

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Book Description
A complete guide to understanding cluster randomised trials Written by two researchers with extensive experience in the field, this book presents a complete guide to the design, analysis and reporting of cluster randomised trials. It spans a wide range of applications: trials in developing countries, trials in primary care, trials in the health services. A key feature is the use of R code and code from other popular packages to plan and analyse cluster trials, using data from actual trials. The book contains clear technical descriptions of the models used, and considers in detail the ethics involved in such trials and the problems in planning them. For readers and students who do not intend to run a trial but wish to be a critical reader of the literature, there are sections on the CONSORT statement, and exercises in reading published trials. Written in a clear, accessible style Features real examples taken from the authors’ extensive practitioner experience of designing and analysing clinical trials Demonstrates the use of R, Stata and SPSS for statistical analysis Includes computer code so the reader can replicate all the analyses Discusses neglected areas such as ethics and practical issues in running cluster randomised trials How to Design, Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials in Medicine and Health Related Research provides an excellent reference tool and can be read with profit by statisticians, health services researchers, systematic reviewers and critical readers of cluster randomised trials.

Author: Kung-Jong Lui
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119114691
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Book Description
A comprehensive and practical resource for analyses of crossover designs For ethical reasons, it is vital to keep the number of patients in a clinical trial as low as possible. As evidenced by extensive research publications, crossover design can be a useful and powerful tool to reduce the number of patients needed for a parallel group design in studying treatments for non-curable chronic diseases. This book introduces commonly-used and well-established statistical tests and estimators in epidemiology that can easily be applied to hypothesis testing and estimation of the relative treatment effect for various types of data scale in crossover designs. Models with distribution-free random effects are assumed and hence most approaches considered here are semi-parametric. The book provides clinicians and biostatisticians with the exact test procedures and exact interval estimators, which are applicable even when the number of patients in a crossover trial is small. Systematic discussion on sample size determination is also included, which will be a valuable resource for researchers involved in crossover trial design. Key features: Provides exact test procedures and interval estimators, which are especially of use in small-sample cases. Presents most test procedures and interval estimators in closed-forms, enabling readers to calculate them by use of a pocket calculator or commonly-used statistical packages. Each chapter is self-contained, allowing the book to be used a reference resource. Uses real-life examples to illustrate the practical use of test procedures and estimators Provides extensive exercises to help readers appreciate the underlying theory, learn other relevant test procedures and understand how to calculate the required sample size. Crossover Designs: Testing, Estimation and Sample Size will be a useful resource for researchers from biostatistics, as well as pharmaceutical and clinical sciences. It can also be used as a textbook or reference for graduate students studying clinical experiments.

Author: Jorge Mateu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118441885
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
A state-of-the-art presentation of optimum spatio-temporal sampling design - bridging classic ideas with modern statistical modeling concepts and the latest computational methods. Spatio-temporal Design presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art presentation combining both classical and modern treatments of network design and planning for spatial and spatio-temporal data acquisition. A common problem set is interwoven throughout the chapters, providing various perspectives to illustrate a complete insight to the problem at hand. Motivated by the high demand for statistical analysis of data that takes spatial and spatio-temporal information into account, this book incorporates ideas from the areas of time series, spatial statistics and stochastic processes, and combines them to discuss optimum spatio-temporal sampling design. Spatio-temporal Design: Advances in Efficient Data Acquisition: Provides an up-to-date account of how to collect space-time data for monitoring, with a focus on statistical aspects and the latest computational methods Discusses basic methods and distinguishes between design and model-based approaches to collecting space-time data. Features model-based frequentist design for univariate and multivariate geostatistics, and second-phase spatial sampling. Integrates common data examples and case studies throughout the book in order to demonstrate the different approaches and their integration. Includes real data sets, data generating mechanisms and simulation scenarios. Accompanied by a supporting website featuring R code. Spatio-temporal Design presents an excellent book for graduate level students as well as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of applied mathematics, engineering, and the environmental and health sciences.

Author: Zoran Antonijevic
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351683934
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 323

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Book Description
Platform trials test multiple therapies in one indication, one therapy for multiple indications, or both. These novel clinical trial designs can dramatically increase the cost-effectiveness of drug development, leading to life-altering medicines for people suffering from serious illnesses, possibly at lower cost. Currently, the cost of drug development is unsustainable. Furthermore, there are particular problems in rare diseases and small biomarker defined subsets in oncology, where the required sample sizes for traditional clinical trial designs may not be feasible. The editors recruited the key innovators in this domain. The 20 articles discuss trial designs from perspectives as diverse as quantum computing, patient’s rights to information, and international health. The book begins with an overview of platform trials from multiple perspectives. It then describes impacts of platform trials on the pharmaceutical industry’s key stakeholders: patients, regulators, and payers. Next it provides advanced statistical methods that address multiple aspects of platform trials, before concluding with a pharmaceutical executive’s perspective on platform trials. Except for the statistical methods section, only a basic qualitative knowledge of clinical trials is needed to appreciate the important concepts and novel ideas presented.