Author: Rozikov Utkir A Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9813276487 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
A mathematical billiard is a mechanical system consisting of a billiard ball on a table of any form (which can be planar or even a multidimensional domain) but without billiard pockets. The ball moves and its trajectory is defined by the ball's initial position and its initial speed vector. The ball's reflections from the boundary of the table are assumed to have the property that the reflection and incidence angles are the same. This book comprehensively presents known results on the behavior of a trajectory of a billiard ball on a planar table (having one of the following forms: circle, ellipse, triangle, rectangle, polygon and some general convex domains). It provides a systematic review of the theory of dynamical systems, with a concise presentation of billiards in elementary mathematics and simple billiards related to geometry and physics.The description of these trajectories leads to the solution of various questions in mathematics and mechanics: problems related to liquid transfusion, lighting of mirror rooms, crushing of stones in a kidney, collisions of gas particles, etc. The analysis of billiard trajectories can involve methods of geometry, dynamical systems, and ergodic theory, as well as methods of theoretical physics and mechanics, which has applications in the fields of biology, mathematics, medicine, and physics.
Author: Valeriĭ Viktorovich Kozlov Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821845500 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Starting with the work of G D Birkhoff, billiards have been a popular research topic drawing on such areas as ergodic theory, Morse theory, and KAM theory. Billiard systems are also remarkable in that they arise naturally in a number of important problems of mechanics and physics. This book is devoted to mathematical aspects of the theory of dynamical systems of billiard type. Focusing on the genetic approach, the authors strive to clarify the genesis of the basic ideas and concepts of the theory of dynamical systems with impact intereactions and also to demonstrate that these methods are natural and effective. Recent limit theorems, which justify various mathematical models of impact theory, are key features. Questions of existence and stability of periodic trajectories of elastic billiards occupy a special place in the book, and considerable attention is devoted to integrable billiards. A brief survey is given of work on billiards with ergodic behaviour. Each chapter ends with a list of problems.
Author: Serge Tabachnikov Publisher: American Mathematical Soc. ISBN: 0821839195 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
Mathematical billiards describe the motion of a mass point in a domain with elastic reflections off the boundary or, equivalently, the behavior of rays of light in a domain with ideally reflecting boundary. From the point of view of differential geometry, the billiard flow is the geodesic flow on a manifold with boundary. This book is devoted to billiards in their relation with differential geometry, classical mechanics, and geometrical optics. Topics covered include variational principles of billiard motion, symplectic geometry of rays of light and integral geometry, existence and nonexistence of caustics, optical properties of conics and quadrics and completely integrable billiards, periodic billiard trajectories, polygonal billiards, mechanisms of chaos in billiard dynamics, and the lesser-known subject of dual (or outer) billiards. The book is based on an advanced undergraduate topics course. Minimum prerequisites are the standard material covered in the first two years of college mathematics (the entire calculus sequence, linear algebra). However, readers should show some mathematical maturity and rely on their mathematical common sense. A unique feature of the book is the coverage of many diverse topics related to billiards, for example, evolutes and involutes of plane curves, the four-vertex theorem, a mathematical theory of rainbows, distribution of first digits in various sequences, Morse theory, the Poincare recurrence theorem, Hilbert's fourth problem, Poncelet porism, and many others. There are approximately 100 illustrations. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers interested in ergodic theory and geometry. This volume has been copublished with the Mathematics Advanced Study Semesters program at Penn State.
Author: Vladimir Dragović Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3034800150 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
The goal of the book is to present, in a complete and comprehensive way, areas of current research interlacing around the Poncelet porism: dynamics of integrable billiards, algebraic geometry of hyperelliptic Jacobians, and classical projective geometry of pencils of quadrics. The most important results and ideas, classical as well as modern, connected to the Poncelet theorem are presented, together with a historical overview analyzing the classical ideas and their natural generalizations. Special attention is paid to the realization of the Griffiths and Harris programme about Poncelet-type problems and addition theorems. This programme, formulated three decades ago, is aimed to understanding the higher-dimensional analogues of Poncelet problems and the realization of the synthetic approach of higher genus addition theorems.
Author: Nikolai Chernov Publisher: American Mathematical Society ISBN: 1470474425 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
This book covers one of the most exciting but most difficult topics in the modern theory of dynamical systems: chaotic billiards. In physics, billiard models describe various mechanical processes, molecular dynamics, and optical phenomena. The theory of chaotic billiards has made remarkable progress in the past thirty-five years, but it remains notoriously difficult for the beginner, with main results scattered in hardly accessible research articles. This is the first and so far only book that covers all the fundamental facts about chaotic billiards in a complete and systematic manner. The book contains all the necessary definitions, full proofs of all the main theorems, and many examples and illustrations that help the reader to understand the material. Hundreds of carefully designed exercises allow the reader not only to become familiar with chaotic billiards but to master the subject. The book addresses graduate students and young researchers in physics and mathematics. Prerequisites include standard graduate courses in measure theory, probability, Riemannian geometry, topology, and complex analysis. Some of this material is summarized in the appendices to the book.
Author: Alexander Plakhov Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461444802 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
A billiard is a dynamical system in which a point particle alternates between free motion and specular reflections from the boundary of a domain. Exterior Billiards presents billiards in the complement of domains and their applications in aerodynamics and geometrical optics. This book distinguishes itself from existing literature by presenting billiard dynamics outside bounded domains, including scattering, resistance, invisibility and retro-reflection. It begins with an overview of the mathematical notations used throughout the book and a brief review of the main results. Chapters 2 and 3 are focused on problems of minimal resistance and Newton’s problem in media with positive temperature. In chapters 4 and 5, scattering of billiards by nonconvex and rough domains is characterized and some related special problems of optimal mass transportation are studied. Applications in aerodynamics are addressed next and problems of invisibility and retro-reflection within the framework of geometric optics conclude the text. The book will appeal to mathematicians working in dynamical systems and calculus of variations. Specialists working in the areas of applications discussed will also find it useful.
Author: David G. Alciatore Publisher: Union Square & Co. ISBN: 1454927917 Category : Sports & Recreation Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Master one of the world’s most popular games with the help of a mechanical engineering professor who has a passion for pool. More than 80 principles of the game, presented with 250-plus precisely scaled illustrations and photographs, offer players of all levels a thorough overview of the fundamentals of 8-ball and 9-ball, including grip and stance, basic shots, position play and strategy, bank and kick shots, and advanced techniques such as carom and jump shots. Organized for quick study, this must-have guide features extensive cross-references and is supplemented with video clips, interesting mathematical formulas, and other resources also available at www.engr.colostate.edu/pool.
Author: A.V. Bolsinov Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203643429 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 752
Book Description
Integrable Hamiltonian systems have been of growing interest over the past 30 years and represent one of the most intriguing and mysterious classes of dynamical systems. This book explores the topology of integrable systems and the general theory underlying their qualitative properties, singularites, and topological invariants. The authors,