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Author: Amy Catherine Marcinkevage Miller Publisher: ProQuest ISBN: 9780549337492 Category : Languages : en Pages : 562
Book Description
This research focuses on the development and use of a spatially-explicit individual-based model (IBM) in evaluating the long-term hydrologic effect of landscape change and management on aquatic communities. The model simulates the behavior of individual fish in their habitat selection process to analyze network dynamics in stream ecosystems in response to outside driving influences. The primary input to this model is streamflow and hydrologic connectivity related to watershed landscape characteristics.
Author: Amy Catherine Marcinkevage Miller Publisher: ProQuest ISBN: 9780549337492 Category : Languages : en Pages : 562
Book Description
This research focuses on the development and use of a spatially-explicit individual-based model (IBM) in evaluating the long-term hydrologic effect of landscape change and management on aquatic communities. The model simulates the behavior of individual fish in their habitat selection process to analyze network dynamics in stream ecosystems in response to outside driving influences. The primary input to this model is streamflow and hydrologic connectivity related to watershed landscape characteristics.
Author: John G. Williams Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119217369 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
Provides critiques of current practices for environmental flow assessment and shows how they can be improved, using case studies. In Environmental Flow Assessment: Methods and Applications, four leading experts critique methods used to manage flows in regulated streams and rivers to balance environmental (instream) and out-of-stream uses of water. Intended for managers as well as practitioners, the book dissects the shortcomings of commonly used approaches, and offers practical advice for selecting and implementing better ones. The authors argue that methods for environmental flow assessment (EFA) can be defensible as well as practicable only if they squarely address uncertainty, and provide guidance for doing so. Introductory chapters describe the scientific and social reasons that EFA is hard, and provide a brief history. Because management of regulated streams starts with understanding freshwater ecosystems, Environmental Flow Assessment: Methods and Applications includes chapters on flow and organisms in streams. The following chapters assess standard and emerging methods, how they should be tested, and how they should (or should not) be applied. The book concludes with practical recommendations for implementing environmental flow assessment. Describes historical and recent trends in environmental flow assessment Directly addresses practical difficulties with applying a scientifically informed approach in contentious circumstances Serves as an effective introduction to the relevant literature, with many references to articles in related scientific fields Pays close attention to statistical issues such as sampling, estimation of statistical uncertainty, and model selection Includes recommendations for methods and approaches Examines how methods have been tested in the past and shows how they should be tested today and in the future Environmental Flow Assessment: Methods and Applications is an excellent book for biologists and specialists in allied fields such as engineering, ecology, fluvial geomorphology, environmental planning, landscape architecture, along with river managers and decision makers.
Author: Volker Grimm Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400850622 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 445
Book Description
Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population and ecosystem ecology arises from how individuals interact with each other and their environment. This book provides the first in-depth treatment of individual-based modeling and its use to develop theoretical understanding of how ecological systems work, an approach the authors call "individual-based ecology.? Grimm and Railsback start with a general primer on modeling: how to design models that are as simple as possible while still allowing specific problems to be solved, and how to move efficiently through a cycle of pattern-oriented model design, implementation, and analysis. Next, they address the problems of theory and conceptual framework for individual-based ecology: What is "theory"? That is, how do we develop reusable models of how system dynamics arise from characteristics of individuals? What conceptual framework do we use when the classical differential equation framework no longer applies? An extensive review illustrates the ecological problems that have been addressed with individual-based models. The authors then identify how the mechanics of building and using individual-based models differ from those of traditional science, and provide guidance on formulating, programming, and analyzing models. This book will be helpful to ecologists interested in modeling, and to other scientists interested in agent-based modeling.
Author: David Tickner Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889660397 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 151
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract : Identifying techniques to more easily monitor, assess and manipulate habitat quality will improve the assessment of habitat restoration and the management of native fish species. We utilized a relatively novel tool the Sand WandTM (Streamside Environmental, Findley,Ohio) to manipulate stream substrates by removing sand We found that this technique can reduce the proportion of sand in the substrate. We observed a 34% reduction in the area of the streambed covered by sand and a decrease from 44% fine sediment within the streambed matrix before the manipulation to 20% post restoration (Chapter 1). In rivers that are heavily aggraded by fine sediments, a large reduction in fine sediments is likely to measurably increase habitat quality for Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and sculpin (Cottus spp). We tested how reliably these changes in habitat quality could be inferred using three different metrics that had been used to infer habitat quality in the literature (Chapter 2). We found that immigration most reliable reproduced the assumed changes in habitat quality that resulted from our manipulation. When this metric was applied to other sites in the same river, we observed that in sandy sites native fish appeared to be attracted to exposed cobble, but this relationship did not hold in less sandy sites. We also found that density, a metric commonly used to assess restorations did not reliable infer changes in habitat quality at this spatial scale. We also illustrate that in at least some systems densities vary greatly over short time scales making measuring density more difficult. Abundances varied from 10-39 individuals over the course of 7 days (Chapter 3) This variation can result in low power if not properly accounted for within sampling designs. Finally, we experimentally tested the attractiveness of artificial boulders in different habitat contexts (Chapter 4). Based on previous observations we expected that boulders added to sandy sites to be more often occupied than boulders in rocky sites. This hypothesis was not supported. We observed very few fish in sandy sites and did not observe an increase in occupancy after the boulder addition. As a whole the work detailed here deepens our understanding of how to monitor and assess restoration and how native fish select and use habitats.
Author: J. Michael Scott Publisher: Island Press ISBN: 9781597263054 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 940
Book Description
Predictions about where different species are, where they are not, and how they move across a landscape or respond to human activities -- if timber is harvested, for instance, or stream flow altered -- are important aspects of the work of wildlife biologists, land managers, and the agencies and policymakers that govern natural resources. Despite the increased use and importance of model predictions, these predictions are seldom tested and have unknown levels of accuracy.Predicting Species Occurrences addresses those concerns, highlighting for managers and researchers the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches, as well as the magnitude of the research required to improve or test predictions of currently used models. The book is an outgrowth of an international symposium held in October 1999 that brought together scientists and researchers at the forefront of efforts to process information about species at different spatial and temporal scales. It is a comprehensive reference that offers an exhaustive treatment of the subject, with 65 chapters by leading experts from around the world that: review the history of the theory and practice of modeling and present a standard terminology examine temporal and spatial scales in terms of their influence on patterns and processes of species distribution offer detailed discussions of state-of-the-art modeling tools and descriptions of methods for assessing model accuracy discuss how to predict species presence and abundance present examples of how spatially explicit data on demographics can provide important information for managers An introductory chapter by Michael A. Huston examines the ecological context in which predictions of species occurrences are made, and a concluding chapter by John A. Wiens offers an insightful review and synthesis of the topics examined along with guidance for future directions and cautions regarding misuse of models. Other contributors include Michael P. Austin, Barry R. Noon, Alan H. Fielding, Michael Goodchild, Brian A. Maurer, John T. Rotenberry, Paul Angermeier, Pierre R. Vernier, and more than a hundred others.Predicting Species Occurrences offers important new information about many of the topics raised in the seminal volume Wildlife 2000 (University of Wisconsin Press, 1986) and will be the standard reference on this subject for years to come. Its state-of-the-art assessment will play a key role in guiding the continued development and application of tools for making accurate predictions and is an indispensable volume for anyone engaged in species management or conservation.
Author: Andrea Rinaldo Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108477828 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
A summary of state-of-the-art research on how the river environment impacts biodiversity, species invasions, population dynamics, and the spread of waterborne disease. Blending laboratory, field and theoretical studies, it is the go-to reference for graduate students and researchers in river ecology, hydrology, and epidemiology.
Author: Amy Catherine Marcinkevage Miller
Author: Amy Catherine Marcinkevage Miller
Author: Daniel C. Dauwalter
Author: John G. Williams
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Author: Volker Grimm
Author: David Tickner
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Author: J. Michael Scott
Author: Andrea Rinaldo
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