An Examination of Factors that Influence Health Behaviors Among Low Income African American Women with Type 2 Diabetes in Memphis, TN PDF Download

Author: Adole Muruako
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Missole Cadet-Patterson
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Category : African American women
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Author: F. Bridgett Rahim-Williams
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Languages : en
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ABSTRACT: Prescribed self-management behaviors have been found to be important factors affecting the rates of morbidity and mortality in multiple medical conditions including chronic diseases such as diabetes, a condition that disproportionately affects high health risk populations such as African Americans. This study focused on understanding health behaviors, beliefs, and associated factors such as support systems and access to care that played a role in diabetes self-management and glucose control. The study also explored diabetes self-management education and its role in diabetes self-management. The research conducted in Pinellas and Hillsborough counties in Florida, included twenty-five African American women between the ages of forty-six and eighty-seven, with self-identified diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes).

Author: National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Office of Research on Women's Health
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Category : African American women
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Author: Emily DiNatale
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Category : Diabetes in women
Languages : en
Pages : 139

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Rural African American women have greater prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and poorer treatment outcomes compared to Caucasians. Some research suggests that self-efficacy, subjective norms, and locus of control (LOC) impact this population differently and may be linked to behavioral treatment outcomes. However, these relationships have not been directly examined. EMPOWER, a culturally-tailored T2DM intervention that utilizes community health workers (CHWs) to provide patient-centered care using a Small Changes Model (SCM), was developed as an innovative treatment approach for African American women. This study was designed to explore the best predictors of treatment success within the EMPOWER program and to determine whether self-efficacy, subjective norms, and LOC impact outcomes. Assessments utilized program results of two hundred middle aged (age=53.45±10.24) obese (BMI=37.67±8.02) African American women with poorly-controlled diabetes (HbA1c=9.09±1.83) enrolled in EMPOWER. Half (n=102) were randomly assigned to a phone-based EMPOWER group while half (n=98) were assigned to a mail-based didactic comparative group. Weight, HbA1c, medication adherence, self-care behaviors, self-efficacy, and depression were measured at 0, 6, and 12-months. At 12-month follow-up, subjective norms and LOC were measured. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that both groups had a reduction in weight F(1.82, 197)=4.15, p=0.020, [eta]2=0.021 but no changes in HbA1c. Independent samples t-tests revealed a significant difference in God LOC between the EMPOWER group (M=19.16, SD=8.20) and the Mail group (M=22.42, SD=7.48; t(143)=-2.49, p=0.014) and between participants who used insulin (M=21.86, SD=7.55) and those who do not (M=18.88, SD=8.21; t(139)=-2.18, p=0.031). Theoretically-based moderated-mediation models assessed self-efficacy and subjective norms as mediators and God and Internal LOC as moderators of outcomes. While no mediation interactions were found, models revealed that subjective norms significantly impacted self-care behavior change ([beta]=1.48, p=0.037). God LOC served as a moderator that enhanced this relationship ([beta]=0.078, p=0.013). Results suggest that subjective norms may play a more important role in diabetes management behavior change among African American women than previously understood. Further, God LOC was shown to be an important and complex treatment factor that likely relates to both internal and external LOC. These findings have important implications for future health behavior change programs for African American women.

Author: Cashuna T. Huddleston
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Category : Locus of control
Languages : en
Pages :

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Many factors may contribute to the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity for Black women. Associations between discrimination and health behaviors have been identified (Laitinen, Ek, & Sovio, 2002; Oliver & Wardle, 1999). Stress as a result of racial and gender discrimination may lead to changes in health behaviors such as maladaptive eating habits as a coping response; these behaviors may ultimately have an influence on Black women’s health. In addition, major substantive questions remain about the conditions that moderate the effects of discrimination on health behaviors among Black women. Thus, this study examined two questions: (a) Is there a relationship between discrimination (i.e., racial and gender) and dietary behavior (e.g., low-fat eating and snacking on sweets)? and (b) Is the relationship between discrimination and dietary behaviors moderated by health locus of control orientation (e.g., internal and matter of chance)? Two hundred and twenty-seven participants were recruited and data were collected online. It was expected that discrimination and health locus of control would each contribute significantly to dietary behaviors in this sample of women. Moderated regressions were used to test the study hypotheses. Bivariate correlations results revealed that internal HLOC was positively associated with low-fat eating behavior; chance HLOC was positively associated with snacking on sweets eating behavior; and racial discrimination was positively associated with snacking on sweets eating behaviors. Results also indicated that internal HLOC and chance HLOC served as moderators in the relationship between racial and gender discrimination and snacking on sweets eating behaviors but not for low-fat eating behaviors. Implications for future research are discussed.

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Languages : en
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This study employed a non-random, quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of a diabetes prevention and health promotion program on the health behavior of older African American adults in a church setting. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986, 1977) and Socio-ecological (McLeroy et al., 1988) and PRECEDE- PROCEEDE Planning (Green & Kreuter, 1999) models were utilized as guiding frameworks. A modified curriculum from the Lifestyle Balance: Healthy Eating and Being Active Diabetes Prevention program was used. Significant decreases were found in fasting blood sugar over the eight-week period for both program participants and the comparison group. However, there was not an increase in diabetes knowledge, daily moderate-vigorous exercise levels or self-efficacy for physical activity for individuals who participated in the program from Time 1 to Time 2. The findings are discussed relative to their contributions to health-related research and interventions with African Americans and the role of African-American churches as a conduit for health messages and behavior change.

Author: Nurgül Fitzgerald
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 412

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Author: Adeola Martins
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14

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It has been well established that African Americans face a myriad of health disparities, including among diseases that prematurely shorten life, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about health disparities among African American women, who have traditionally been underrepresented in research. This could mean that they are not receiving the highest possible quality of care. Individual cultural factors that may play a role in perpetuating these health disparities remain poorly understood. This study explores the relationship of individuals’ use of black media and health literacy, health beliefs, and participation in preventive health behaviors related to problems such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. One hundred forty-one African American women completed the Powe Fatalism Inventory, Cancer Worry Scale, 2 items from the Health Literacy Scale, and three items from the Personal Health Survey as part of a larger study. Also, the first four items of the Preference for African American Things subscale of the African American Acculturation Scale were used to measure Use of Black Media. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and logistic regression. Use of Black media was found to have a relationship with health attitudes but not health literacy or health behaviors.

Author: Deborah M. Parra-Medina
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Category : Diabetes
Languages : en
Pages : 324

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The primary objective of this dissertation project was to describe the pattern of effect modification caused by sociocultural status on identified risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. This case-control study included 244 Mexican American women, between the ages of 50-79, who were enrolled in the Observational Study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in San Diego, Tucson, or San Antonio between 1994-1997. Seventy-eight diabetics and 166 nondiabetics were included in the study. As a supplement to data already collected by the WHI, a telephone survey was used to gather information on acculturation and diabetes related knowledge and behavior. Results support previous findings that increased age; a positive family history of diabetes, obesity, and centralized adiposity; and a sedentary lifestyle are important independent predictors of diabetes. The risk of diabetes associated with obesity is moderated by acculturation in a nonlinear fashion. Specifically, risk of diabetes associated with obesity was lowest at either the high or the low end of the acculturation spectrum, but highest in the midrange. The risk of diabetes associated with a higher waist hip ratio increases with income and acculturation. With respect to educational status, the risk of disabetes is related in a nonlinear fashion and is magnified for women with 7th-12th grade education. However, in the presence of other risk factors such as family history of diabetes and age, the importance of sociocultural status as an effect modifier diminishes.