An Evaluation of the Environmental Fate and Behavior of Munitions Materiel (TNT, RDX) in Soil and Plant Systems. Environmental Fate and Behavior of TNT. PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
The objective of these investigations was to elucidate the environmental behavior and fate of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Emphasis was placed on those chemical transformations occurring in soils and in plant tissues following uptake and on the probable impact of these chemical transformations on the food chain. Analytical methodology was developed to fractionate and characterize both TNT and TNT-derived residues in soil and plant matrices. The procedures developed in this program extend prior art, through the use of matrix-specific extraction and fractionation schemes followed by classical HPLC separations. Methods showed good recovery and reproducibility. Soil-sorbed TNT, or that fraction not readily removed by exhaustive extraction, increases from less than 6% at 0 time, to 50% after 60 days of incubation. Experiments with sterile soil systems indicate that the sorption process is nonbiotic in origin. Keywords: Munitions, Bioavailability, Plant uptake, Environmental fate, RA 3, TNT, RDX, Soil, Plant systems, Toxicology, AMDNT, Aminodinitrotoluene.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
The objective of these investigations was to elucidate the environmental behavior and fate of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Emphasis was placed on those chemical transformations occurring in soils and in plant tissues following uptake and on the probable impact of these chemical transformations on the food chain. Analytical methodology was developed to fractionate and characterize both TNT and TNT-derived residues in soil and plant matrices. The procedures developed in this program extend prior art, through the use of matrix-specific extraction and fractionation schemes followed by classical HPLC separations. Methods showed good recovery and reproducibility. Soil-sorbed TNT, or that fraction not readily removed by exhaustive extraction, increases from less than 6% at 0 time, to 50% after 60 days of incubation. Experiments with sterile soil systems indicate that the sorption process is nonbiotic in origin. Keywords: Munitions, Bioavailability, Plant uptake, Environmental fate, RA 3, TNT, RDX, Soil, Plant systems, Toxicology, AMDNT, Aminodinitrotoluene.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The objective of these investigations was to elucidate the environmental behavior and fate of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Emphasis was placed on those chemical transformations occurring in soils and in plant tissues following uptake and on the probable impact of these chemical transformations on the food chain. Analytical methodology was developed to fractionate and characterize both TNT and TNT-derived residues in soil and plant matrices. The procedures developed in this program extend prior art, through the use of matrix-specific extraction and fractionation schemes followed by classical HPLC separations. Methods showed good recovery and reproducibility. 30 refs., 35 figs., 27 tabs.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
The objective of the present investigation was to elucidate the environmental behavior and fate of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazine (RDX), particularly as related to its transport and chemical form in the food chain. To meet this goal, we needed to adapt and develop suitable analytical methodology to fractionate and characterize both RDX and RDX-derived residues in soil and plant matrices. Using the methodology that we developed, we assessed the chemical and physical fate of RDX in soils and plants. In general, the plant availability and plant mobility of RDX is substantially greater than that previously reported for TNT. 30 refs., 27 figs., 26 tabs.
Author: Dominic A. Cataldo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
The object of the present investigation was to elucidate the environmental behavior and fate of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), particularly as related to its transport and chemical form in the food chain. To meet This goal, we needed to adapt and develop suitable analytical methodology to fractionate and characterize both RDX and RDX-derived residues in soil and plant matrices. Using the methodology that we developed, we assessed the chemical and physical fate of RDX in soils and plants. In general, the plant ability and plant mobility of RDX is substantially greater than that previously reported for TNT. The extent of soil sorption of RDX after 60 days of incubation was less than 2%. Mass-balance deficits were only partially attributed to mineralization of RDX to CO2, and no volatile organic residues were detected. Chemical analysis of solvent extracts of soils incubated over a 60 day period showed only the parent compound to be present.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
A preliminary study was conducted to elucidate the nature of the polar metabolites reported for plant tissues and xylem exudates following root accumulation of trinitrotoluene. Studies focused on the nature of the proposed conjugates of TNT-residues in xylem exudates of bush bean plants. Use of enzymatic methods failed to demonstrate that the conjugates were carbohydrate based, but acid hydrolysis indicated that the conjugates may be protein based. Of the five polar conjugates isolated from exudates, the presence of aminodinitrotoluene isomers and one unknown TNT residue was demonstrated. munitions, bioavailability, plant uptake and metabolism, environmental fate, RA3.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
The objective of the present studies was to elucidate the environmental behavior and fate of 2,4,6trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (tetryl) in the soil/plant system in three different types of soils incubated for 60 days, no tetryl was detectable after 11 days, most of the radiolabel was associated with non-extractable soil components (43 to 58%), and tour transformation products appeared rapidly, of which two were identified as N- methyl-2,4,6trinitroaniline and N-methyl-aminodinitroaniline isomer. Short-term hydroponic studies indicated no significant difference in uptake rates for the three plant species employed. Kinetic studies indicated that plants have a high affinity and capacity for absorbing tetryl. Partitioning patterns indicated that the root is the major accumulation site for tetryl. Chemical fractionation and analyses of tissues showed rapid metabolism of tetryl in tissues of all species; which proceeded toward more polar metabolic products. Plant maturity studies indicated a significant (P
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Author: Dominic A. Cataldo
Author: Dominic A. Cataldo
Author: Dominic A. Cataldo
Author: D. A. Cataldo
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Author: R. J. Fellows