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Author: Duncan Drake Burford Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Restriction or blockage of fish movement due to culverts may have important consequences to fish populations. Problems include the direct loss of critical upstream habitats, and the loss of connectivity with neighboring populations; however, culvert barriers may also serve to protect native species from nonnative species encroachment. Culverts can impede fish movement due to high water velocities, inadequate water depths, and excessive outfall heights among other factors. Most previous studies have focused on fish passage at only a few culverts and thus the extent to which culverts impede fish passage across large drainage basins is largely unknown. In this study, a multi-tiered approach was used to assess fish passage through culverts throughout the upper Clearwater River drainage, Montana. The FishXing software program was used to assess juvenile and adult fish passage at 46 culverts across a wide range of stream discharge. At a subset of 20 culverts, population sampling upstream and downstream of each culvert at low flow was used to determine the degree to which culverts are influencing relative abundance, size structure, and species presence. At a further subset of 10 sites, passage was measured directly at low flow by monitoring the movement of marked fish through culverts with differing physical characteristics. FishXing results indicated that 76-85% of the culverts were barriers, depending on the streamflow and lifestage assessed. The population sampling results indicated that there were a only few differences in relative abundance or size structure at the culverts sampled at low flow, and there was little evidence to suggest that species presence was different below versus above the culverts. The direct passage study results showed that some passage occurred at 90% of the culverts studied at low flow. However, 7 of the 10 culverts showed some degree of passage impedance. There was a moderately significant positive relationship between passage impedance and outlet height (r2 = 0.41, P = 0.047). In summary, the culverts were restricting passage to upstream habitats that may be important for spawning, growth, and survival, but they were generally not isolating populations nor serving as barriers to protect native species from non-native species encroachment.
Author: Duncan Drake Burford Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Restriction or blockage of fish movement due to culverts may have important consequences to fish populations. Problems include the direct loss of critical upstream habitats, and the loss of connectivity with neighboring populations; however, culvert barriers may also serve to protect native species from nonnative species encroachment. Culverts can impede fish movement due to high water velocities, inadequate water depths, and excessive outfall heights among other factors. Most previous studies have focused on fish passage at only a few culverts and thus the extent to which culverts impede fish passage across large drainage basins is largely unknown. In this study, a multi-tiered approach was used to assess fish passage through culverts throughout the upper Clearwater River drainage, Montana. The FishXing software program was used to assess juvenile and adult fish passage at 46 culverts across a wide range of stream discharge. At a subset of 20 culverts, population sampling upstream and downstream of each culvert at low flow was used to determine the degree to which culverts are influencing relative abundance, size structure, and species presence. At a further subset of 10 sites, passage was measured directly at low flow by monitoring the movement of marked fish through culverts with differing physical characteristics. FishXing results indicated that 76-85% of the culverts were barriers, depending on the streamflow and lifestage assessed. The population sampling results indicated that there were a only few differences in relative abundance or size structure at the culverts sampled at low flow, and there was little evidence to suggest that species presence was different below versus above the culverts. The direct passage study results showed that some passage occurred at 90% of the culverts studied at low flow. However, 7 of the 10 culverts showed some degree of passage impedance. There was a moderately significant positive relationship between passage impedance and outlet height (r2 = 0.41, P = 0.047). In summary, the culverts were restricting passage to upstream habitats that may be important for spawning, growth, and survival, but they were generally not isolating populations nor serving as barriers to protect native species from non-native species encroachment.
Author: Duncan Drake Burford Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
The FishXing software program was used to assess juvenile and adult fish passage through 46 culverts throughout the upper Clearwater River watershed in northwestern Montana. A wide range of water discharge was represented. Results indicated even at low flow culverts restricted passage to upstream habitats, but they were generally not isolating populations and not serving as barriers to protect native species from non-native species encroachment.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 74
Book Description
Transportation system planners, designers and managers recognize that fish passage through culverts is a concern. However, there is much contention concerning the impact that a given culvert can have on a fishery. This is particularly true for warm water prairie fisheries. In this project, a combination of three assessment techniques were used to examine fish passage at five culvert crossings in eastern Montana. The techniques used were longitudinal distribution surveys, direct observation of fish passage in field experiments, and modeling using the FishXing program. Results show a diverse fishery with as many as 21 species in a given reach. Distributional surveys showed no difference in fish species richness and almost no difference in fish abundance between the upstream and downstream sides of culverts. Direct observation of the four most abundant species found that when all species were combined, fish passed through culverts at an equal or greater rate than through reference reaches and only one individual species, longnose dace, did not. The FishXing model tended to be conservative, even when calibrated to local hydraulics at each culvert. The strongest estimator of fish passage was to overlay the FishXing results and the field observations onto a hydrograph of the stream system to predict passage windows, or time periods where passage is predicted to not be restricted.
Author: Marcel Pieter Huijser Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cost effectiveness Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
This report reviews 39 mitigation measures that reduce animal vehicle collisions and that provide habitat connectivity for wildlife across highways. The overview is restricted to mitigation measures aimed at large terrestrial mammals (deer size and larger). However, this report also includes information regarding how such measures may affect or benefit federally endangered or threatened species in Montana, regardless of their size. In addition to the detailed information for each mitigation measure, a summary table is provided that provides at a glance information on the costs and benefits of the individual mitigation measures for which such data were available. Furthermore, the report graphically illustrates which measures have the best monetary balance (the difference between benefits and costs) and which measures reduce animal vehicle collisions and associated costs best. Based on the results, the authors of this report identified wildlife fencing, with or without wildlife underpasses or a combination of wildlife underpasses and overpasses, and animal detection systems with wildlife fencing, as the most cost effective mitigation measures. Animal detection systems without wildlife fences or wildlife fences with a high density of wildlife overpasses are also cost effective, but more data on system effectiveness are needed before these systems are recommended for implementation rather than further study. The final section of the report provides suggestions on the implementation or study for each of the 39 mitigation measures.
Author: Marcel Pieter Huijser Publisher: ISBN: Category : Traffic safety and wildlife Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
Montana Highway 83 in northwestern Montana, USA, is known for its great number of animal vehicle collisions, mostly with white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). This document reports on the first phase of an effort to produce an effective implementation plan that has broad support from natural resource management agencies as well as the local community. Phase 1 is aimed at acquiring information and at identifying potential additional research and resource needs. This document identifies and ranks high frequency zones for white tailed deer vehicle collisions, identifies road and landscape characteristics associated with white tailed deer vehicle collisions, identifies and ranks (additional) habitat linkage zones based on expert knowledge, and identifies and documents additional research and resource needs that may need to be addressed before proceeding with the following phases of an effort to produce an effective implementation plan that has broad support.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
A basin wide assessment of fish passage through culverts was performed in the upper Seeley Lake watershed in western Montana. The watershed has many small streams that support a variety of trout species, predominately cutthroat trout and brook trout, but with some bull trout and brown trout too. A total of 47 culverts were studied, and at these culverts the FishXing model and a screening tool that is a composite of several flowchart based models were used to predict fish passage success. At a subset of 21 culverts, fish were collected above and below the culvert to check for population differences with respect to species, size, and abundance. At another subset of 10 culverts, fish passage was directly assessed using fish traps. Results indicate that the FishXing model and the composite screen are conservative estimators of fish passage in culverts. The direct passage assessment indicated that more fish passage occurred during low flow than was expected, and the population (above/below) sampling results gave little evidence to indicate that many of the culverts were functioning as barriers to fish passage. However, there was evidence that fish passage was restricted at many of the culverts at low flow. High flow was not examined in detail at the field sites in this study.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
Culverts have been shown to disrupt fish mobility in high gradient mountain streams, and are of concern to transportation system planners, designers, and managers. However, there is still some uncertainty concerning the cumulative impact that culverts can have on a fishery. In this project, passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) were used, primarily on Yellowstone cutthroat trout, to examine fish passage in the roaded drainage of a high gradient stream system. This project focuses on fish passage in the upstream direction through successive culverts over all portions of the hydrograph, including the high flows that Yellowstone cutthroat encounter during spawning runs. Results are presented in probabilistic terms in addition to the traditional passage/no passage format. The results show that water velocity is a good indicator of the probability of fish passing a culvert. The probability of a fish passing a series of culverts is best predicted by combining the probability that fish will, in general, pass individual culverts.
Author: Todd N. Tillinger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Culverts Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
The objective of this report is to combine, in one document, previously reported information on factors influencing fish passage through culverts, especially as it pertains to conditions indicative of Montana. First, the need for considering fish passage is discussed, followed by an investigation of biological, hydrologic and hydraulic criteria influencing fish passage. An integration of biological and hydraulic criteria is presented, as is a review of previous studies conducted in Montana. Recommendations for future research are also presented. The major biological criteria influencing fish passage are species and size of fish, jumping ability, and seasonal feeding and spawning migrations as related to the hydrologic regime of the stream requiring a culvert crossing. In general, salmonid species and healthy adult fish are the strongest swimmers and spawning is the major reason fish migrate. The main culvert features preventing fish passage include: a perched outlet, too great a velocity, too shallow a depth, or too long a distance between resting pools. The major hydraulic criteria influencing fish passage are: flow rates during fish migration periods; and type, roughness, length and slope of the culvert. In general, the optimum design for peak flow conveyance, a smooth pipe flowing full, will not meet fish passage criteria at any discharge. Fish size appears to have little influence on ability to negotiate a culvert despite its effect on swimming performance. One theory is that smaller fish utilize regions of low velocity near the culvert wall. Multiple possibilities for future research to better characterize fish passage are listed. Examples include better characterization of velocity gradients within culverts and evaluation of fish swimming performance for poorly characterized Montana species.
Author: Duncan Drake Burford
Author: Duncan Drake Burford![An Asessment [i.e. Assessment] of Culverts of Fish Passage Barriers in a Montana Drainage Using a Multi-tiered Approach PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/_oDEYgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Duncan Drake Burford
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Author: Marcel Pieter Huijser
Author: Marcel Pieter Huijser
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Author: Todd N. Tillinger
Author: G. A. McKinnon