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Author: Michael J. O'Brien Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 030647168X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
It is difficult for today's students of archaeology to imagine an era when chronometric dating methods were unavailable. However, even a casual perusal of the large body of literature that arose during the first half of the twentieth century reveals a battery of clever methods used to determine the relative ages of archaeological phenomena, often with considerable precision. Stratigraphic excavation is perhaps the best known of the various relative-dating methods used by prehistorians. Although there are several techniques of using artifacts from superposed strata to measure time, these are rarely if ever differentiated. Rather, common practice is to categorize them under the heading `stratigraphic excavation'. This text distinguishes among the several techniques and argues that stratigraphic excavation tends to result in discontinuous measures of time - a point little appreciated by modern archaeologists. Although not as well known as stratigraphic excavation, two other methods of relative dating have figured important in Americanist archaeology: seriation and the use of index fossils. The latter (like stratigraphic excavation) measures time discontinuously, while the former - in various guises - measures time continuously. Perhaps no other method used in archaeology is as misunderstood as seriation, and the authors provide detailed descriptions and examples of each of its three different techniques. Each method and technique of relative dating is placed in historical perspective, with particular focus on developments in North America, an approach that allows a more complete understanding of the methods described, both in terms of analytical technique and disciplinary history. This text will appeal to all archaeologists, from graduate students to seasoned professionals, who want to learn more about the backbone of archaeological dating.
Author: Michael J. O'Brien Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 030647168X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
It is difficult for today's students of archaeology to imagine an era when chronometric dating methods were unavailable. However, even a casual perusal of the large body of literature that arose during the first half of the twentieth century reveals a battery of clever methods used to determine the relative ages of archaeological phenomena, often with considerable precision. Stratigraphic excavation is perhaps the best known of the various relative-dating methods used by prehistorians. Although there are several techniques of using artifacts from superposed strata to measure time, these are rarely if ever differentiated. Rather, common practice is to categorize them under the heading `stratigraphic excavation'. This text distinguishes among the several techniques and argues that stratigraphic excavation tends to result in discontinuous measures of time - a point little appreciated by modern archaeologists. Although not as well known as stratigraphic excavation, two other methods of relative dating have figured important in Americanist archaeology: seriation and the use of index fossils. The latter (like stratigraphic excavation) measures time discontinuously, while the former - in various guises - measures time continuously. Perhaps no other method used in archaeology is as misunderstood as seriation, and the authors provide detailed descriptions and examples of each of its three different techniques. Each method and technique of relative dating is placed in historical perspective, with particular focus on developments in North America, an approach that allows a more complete understanding of the methods described, both in terms of analytical technique and disciplinary history. This text will appeal to all archaeologists, from graduate students to seasoned professionals, who want to learn more about the backbone of archaeological dating.
Author: Herbert D. G. Maschner Publisher: Rowman Altamira ISBN: 9780759100787 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 1502
Book Description
The Handbook of Archaeological Methods comprises 37 articles by leading archaeologists on the key methods used by archaeologists in the field, in analysis, in theory building, and in managing cultural resources. The book is destined to become the key reference work for archaeologists and their advanced students on contemporary archaeological methods.
Author: Philip Barker Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 9780713471694 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
Philip Barker's survey of current excavation techniques - at once authoritative and stimulating - was immeadiately hailed as the standard work and is one of the most widely used archaeological field manuals. Now in its third edition, it has again been revised, updated and expanded to include the latest developments in archaeological techniques.
Author: Lynn M. Alex Publisher: University of Iowa Press ISBN: 9781609380151 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
Iowa has more than eighteen thousand archaeological sites, and research in the past few decades has transformed our knowledge of the state's human past. Drawing on the discoveries of many avocational and professional scientists, Lynn Alex describes Iowa's unique archaeological record as well as the challenges faced by today's researchers, armed with innovative techniques for the discovery and recovery of archaeological remains and increasingly refined frameworks for interpretation. The core of this book--which includes many historic photographs and maps as well as numerous new maps and drawings and a generous selection of color photos--explores in detail what archaeologists have learned from studying the state's material remains and their contexts. Examining the projectile points, potsherds, and patterns that make up the archaeological record, Alex describes the nature of the earliest settlements in Iowa, the development of farming cultures, the role of the environment and environmental change, geomorphology and the burial of sites, interaction among native societies, tribal affiliation of early historic groups, and the arrival and impact of Euro-Americans. In a final chapter, she examines the question of stewardship and the protection of Iowa's many archaeological resources.
Author: Edward C. Harris Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483295826 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
Practices of Archaeological Stratigraphy brings together a number of examples which illustrate the development and use of the Harris Matrix in describing and interpreting archaeological sites. This matrix, the theory of which is described in two editions of the previous book by Harris, Principles of Archaeological Stratigaphy, made possible for the first time a simple diagramatic representation of the strategraphic sequence of a site, no matter how complex. The Harris Matrix, by showing in one diagram all three linear dimensions, plus time, represents a quantum leap over the older methods which relied on sample sections only.In this book 17 essays present a sample of new work demonstrating the strengths and uses of the Harris Matrix, the first ever published collection of papers devoted solely to stratigraphy in archaeology. The crucial relationships between the Harris methods, open-area excavation techniques, the interpretation of interfaces, and the use of single-context plans and recording sheets, is clarified by reference to specific sites. These sites range from medieval Europe, through Mayan civilizations to Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia. This book will be of great value to all those involved in excavating and recording archaeological sites and should help to ensure that the maximum amount of stratigraphic information can be gathered from future investigations.* Presents case studies which illuminate the Harris matrix method, invented by Edward C. Harris* Senior editor is the inventor of this method and principle in the field* Serves as a companion volume to Harris's Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy
Author: Larry J. Zimmerman Publisher: Rowman Altamira ISBN: 9780759102712 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Ethics in the field of archaeological research has become increasingly more complicated, particularly in response to the recent growth of contract archaeology. The past is not in fact "dead and buried," and ethical questions about this living record demand an ongoing discussion within the social and cultural groups who interpret this record. Authored largely by members of the Society for American Archaeology Ethics Committee, this up-to-date edited volume of original articles tackles issues such as the origins of and theory behind archaeological ethics, as well as archaeologists' responsibilities to the archaeological record, to diverse publics, to each other, and to their students. The book promises to fuel a critical debate among professionals and will be an important tool for training the next generation of archaeologists. Published in cooperation with the Society for American Archaeology. Published in cooperation with the Society for American Archaeology.
Author: Andrew Reinhard Publisher: Berghahn Books ISBN: 1785338749 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
A general introduction to archeogaming describing the intersection of archaeology and video games and applying archaeological method and theory into understanding game-spaces. “[T]he author’s clarity of style makes it accessible to all readers, with or without an archaeological background. Moreover, his personal anecdotes and gameplay experiences with different game titles, from which his ideas often develop, make it very enjoyable reading.”—Antiquity Video games exemplify contemporary material objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. Video games also serve as archaeological sites in the traditional sense as a place, in which evidence of past activity is preserved and has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology, and which represents a part of the archaeological record. From the introduction: Archaeogaming, broadly defined, is the archaeology both in and of digital games... As will be described in the following chapters, digital games are archaeological sites, landscapes, and artifacts, and the game-spaces held within those media can also be understood archaeologically as digital built environments containing their own material culture... Archaeogaming does not limit its study to those video games that are set in the past or that are treated as “historical games,” nor does it focus solely on the exploration and analysis of ruins or of other built environments that appear in the world of the game. Any video game—from Pac-Man to Super Meat Boy—can be studied archaeologically.
Author: Michael J. O'Brien
Author: Michael J. O'Brien
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Author: David Murray
Author: Herbert D. G. Maschner
Author: Philip Barker
Author: Lynn M. Alex
Author: Edward C. Harris
Author: Larry J. Zimmerman
Author: Andrew Reinhard