Women and Poverty in 21st Century America PDF Download

Author: Paula vW. Dáil
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 078648814X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277

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Book Description
Despite an overhaul in the 1990s, the American welfare system remains with a business model focused on the bottom line. Crafted by male-dominated legislative bodies whose members most likely never had to choose between paying the rent or feeding their kids, established policies primarily protect the popular programs that ensure politicians' re-election. This book offers a feminist perspective on the 21st century attitude toward poverty, illustrated by the words of women forced to live every day with social policies they had no voice in developing. Topics include the struggles of daily life, crime, health care, education, employment, and a discussion of capitalism, inequality, greed, and moral obligation in a free society. In the unrestrained pursuit of wealth, this work shows that America has created a vast poverty problem, making the rich richer and forcing the poor into a forgotten class.

Author: Paul E. Zopf
Publisher: Praeger
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Book Description
Zopf provides a compelling answer in his social demographic study of why and how women fall into poverty. . . . Zopf is an articulate guide through [a] forest of data. He uses these statistics effectively to analyze structural flaws in the American socioeconomic system that result in excess rates of poverty for independent women of all races. Zopf is particularly effective in showing hte link between gender inequality and women's and children's poverty, exploring trends in poverty status over time, relating variation in individual earnings and unemployment to family poverty, and explaining the differences between long-term and short-term (but recurrent) poverty. . . . Zopf offers an accessible but scholarly presentation of a mass of statistical information with both current interest and long-term importance. Choice Exacerbated by changes in family patterns and reduced public commitment to aid those who fall below the poverty threshold, the increasing feminization of poverty in the United States has been documented and explored only minimally despite the obvious importance of the problem. This book is the first systematic examination of the subject. Combining demographic and sociological analysis with humanistic insights and concerns, it offers thorough statistical documentation and comparative data on population groups, geographic areas, and specific factors associated with female poverty in the United States. Zopf argues that the poverty of women must be addressed across a broad range of issues. It cannot be dealt with effectively without a clear commitment to promoting economic, political, and social equality; strengthening the family; providing adequate education, health care, and housing; reforming the welfare system; and coming to grips with the problem of domestic violence. Zopf first looks at the way poverty is officially defined and how it is measured. He analyzes the characteristics of women family heads and individuals who are classified as poor, comparing the poverty situations of women and men and presenting variations by age, race, ethnicity, farm and nonfarm residence, and urban and nonurban residence. The geographic distribution of poverty by states, regions, counties, and cities is discussed and a map and tables are supplied to illustrate both small and large scale patterns. The study takes into account a variety of factors related directly or indirectly to poverty status, including the presence or absence of dependent children, levels of education, employment status, work experience, work disability, retirement, and homemaking. The situations of the poorest of the poor and the near-poor are assessed, and trends in both female and overall poverty are analyzed as far back as 1959. The author explores the social, economic, and political causes and effects of the problem by emphasizing defects in the social system rather than individual character flaws. He concludes with some practical suggestions for change. This book will be of particular interest to professionals, academics, and students dealing with women's studies, marriage and the family, population, social problems, family services, poverty, welfare policy, and related areas.

Author: Ruth Sidel
Publisher: Penguin Mass Market
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Book Description
Comparing the affluent U.S. of today to the Titanic (which, as a luxury liner, nevertheless lacked lifeboats for steerage women and children), Sidel contends in this realistic appraisal that despite the women's movement, social and economic trends of the last 20 years, especially the divorce rate and mechanization of industry, have reduced to bare survival hundreds of thousands of already impoverished women and children. Many are older women, battered wives or female heads of families, asserts Sidel (who interviewed several of them), and they are often victims of sex and racial discrimination in the workplace or of government cutbacks in human services. Following Sweden's example, the U.S., she argues, should develop policies to strengthen family life through universal entitlements; should pay women better wages, provide family planning, maternity leaves and prenatal care, along with day and after-school care.

Author: Diane Dujon
Publisher: South End Press
ISBN: 9780896085299
Category : Poor women
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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Book Description
Brings together the words of welfare mothers, activists and advocates, as well as scholars in a poignant and powerful challenge to the impoverishment of women.

Author: Karin Stallard
Publisher: South End Press
ISBN: 9780896081970
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Book Description
Analyzes the impact of social service cutbacks, changes in the job market, and victim-blaming myths like the Black matriarchy theses of Daniel Patrick Moynihan and George Gilder.

Author: Heidi I. Hartmann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135803234
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 213

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Book Description
Find out how welfare reform has affected women living at the poverty level Women, Work, and Poverty presents the latest information on women living at or below the poverty level and the changes that need to be made in public policy to allow them to rise above their economic hardships. Using a wide range of research methods, including in-depth interviews, focus groups, small-scale surveys, and analysis of personnel records, the book explores different aspects of women’s poverty since the passage of the 1986 welfare reform bill. Anthropologists, economists, political scientists, sociologists, and social workers examine marriage, divorce, children and child care, employment and work schedules, disabilities, mental health, and education, and look at income support programs, such as welfare and unemployment insurance. Women, Work, and Poverty illuminates the changes in the causes of women’s poverty following welfare reform in the United States, using up-to-date research that’s both qualitative and quantitative. Taking racial and ethnic diversity into account, the book’s contributors examine new findings on the feminization of poverty, the role of children and the lack of child care as an obstacle to employment, labor market policies that can reduce poverty and improve gender wage equality, sex and race segregation in the labor market, and the low quality of jobs available to low income women. Women, Work, and Poverty examines: marriage, motherhood, and work pay equity and living wage reforms community resources welfare status and child care acquiring higher education advancing women of color income security repaying debt after divorce gender differences in spendable income women’s job loss Women, Work, and Poverty is an invaluable aid for academics working in social work, social policy, women’s studies, economics, sociology, and political science, and for policy researchers, anti-poverty activists, and women’s leaders.

Author: Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313390266
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246

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Book Description
This comprehensive and carefully organized collection provides an overview of the relationship between gender and economic stratification in seven industrialized countries. Everywhere, as a Polish commentator notes, `men have too much power, and women too much work.' Nevertheless, these studies reveal large differences in the circumstances of women in different countries and help to illuminate the several developments in the labor market, the family, and public policy which explain the extreme feminization of poverty in the United States. Frances Fox Piven, City University of New York Lucid, careful, and systematic, the book builds a compelling explanation for the needless impoverishment experienced by millions of American women and offers a sensible, realistic agenda for its reduction. Michael B. Katz, University of Pennsylvania This study asks whether the feminization of poverty, the tendency of women and their families to become the majority of the poor, is unique to the United States, where the phenomenon was first discovered. Seven industrialized nations, both capitalist and socialist, with different degrees of commitment to social welfare are compared: Canada, Japan, France, Sweden, Poland, the Soviet Union, and the United States. In each of the countries the authors analyze information about women, labor market conditions, equalization policies, social welfare programs, and demographic variables such as the rates of divorce and single parenthood. According to Goldberg and Kremen, it is possible to predict the feminization of poverty when three conditions are present: (1) insufficient efforts to reduce work place and wage inequities for women; (2) the absence or ineffectiveness of social welfare programs which can redress the cost, both economic and personal, of the dual role that women have assumed in industrialized societies; and (3) the presence of increasing rates of divorce and single motherhood. An array of labor market and social welfare programs in use in the six other industrialized nations are then reviewed by the authors for possible adaptation in the United States. This important work will be a valuable resource for scholars across the academic and professional disciplines of political science, sociology, economics, social work, and women's studies.

Author: Lisa Dodson
Publisher: Beacon Press
ISBN: 9780807042090
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Book Description
A radically new vision of women and girls living below the poverty line; Lisa Dodson makes a frontal assault on conventional attitudes and stereotypes of women in poor America and the seriously misguided "welfare reform" policies of the end of the century. "I hear Odessa, a thirty-two-year-old woman, speak at a forum on welfare reform. I ask her about the phrase she used, 'Don't call me out of name,' for it seemed to speak for a whole nation of people. Odessa tells me that women who have no money and no one to stand up for them get put into a bad position and they get misnamed. Most often they get called 'welfare mothers' or 'recipients,' words she will no longer acknowledge. With millions alongside her, Odessa has emerged by her own strength and some opportunity, and now she insists upon naming herself." While Lisa Dodson was working in a Charlestown factory twenty years ago, the stories of the women she worked with daily captivated her; she listened to them speak about harsh lives and their deep commitment to family and community. It was the beginning of Dodson's desire to learn the truth and write it down. For over eight years, Dodson has been documenting the lives of girls and women-hundreds of white, African-American, Latino, Haitian, Irish, and other women in personal interviews, focus groups, surveys, and Life-History Studies. This book is a crossing--a class crossing--taking readers into fellowship with people who are seldom invited to speak but who have powerful stories to tell and who force us to abandon common myths that have been fed to us by the media about school dropouts, teen pregnancy, and welfare "cheats." Don't Call Us Out of Name delves deeply into the realities of their lives, often with surprising and uplifting stories of commonplace courage, unimaginable strength, and resourcefulness. Lisa Dodson does not simply give us the truth about women living in poverty but offers realistic hope for meaningful policy reform based on the experience and analysis of the women we have seen so far only in stereotype and whose voices we have not truly heard. These women emerge as critical contributors to the creation of sound, humane public policy.

Author: Catherine M. Casserly
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000526739
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 167

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Book Description
In the United States, public policies designed to reduce poverty are overwhelmingly influenced by human capital theory, since education is viewed as the powerful mechanism by which productivity will increase, incomes will be raised, and economic opportunity will be provided. Although African-American women followed the prescription set forth by human capital theory and increased their educational attainment by over 2 years from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, their incidence of poverty remained fairly stable. First published in 1998, this study examines why educational investments by that population most susceptible to being poor, African- American females, have not reduced poverty as expected.

Author: Harrell R. Rodgers
Publisher: M.E. Sharpe
ISBN: 9780765619389
Category : Poor women
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Book Description
In this new edition of his acclaimed study of American poverty, Harrell Rodgers carefully analyzes the most recent data on the profile of poor families and the underlying causes of the dramatic increase in chronically poor, mother-only households. After evaluating the record of past anti-poverty efforts, Rodgers examines the many new and proposed approaches to welfare reform, their prospects of success, and the consequences of failure - both for the children of poverty and for a nation that leaves such a high proportion of its citizenry, its future, at risk.