American Theories of Polygenesis: Types of mankind PDF Download

Author: Robert Bernasconi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human evolution
Languages : en
Pages : 794

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Author: Justin Smith-Ruiu
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691176345
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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People have always been xenophobic, but an explicit philosophical and scientific view of human racial difference only began to emerge during the modern period. Why and how did this happen? Surveying a range of philosophical and natural-scientific texts, dating from the Spanish Renaissance to the German Enlightenment, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference charts the evolution of the modern concept of race and shows that natural philosophy, particularly efforts to taxonomize and to order nature, played a crucial role. Smith demonstrates how the denial of moral equality between Europeans and non-Europeans resulted from converging philosophical and scientific developments, including a declining belief in human nature's universality and the rise of biological classification. The racial typing of human beings grew from the need to understand humanity within an all-encompassing system of nature, alongside plants, minerals, primates, and other animals. While racial difference as seen through science did not arise in order to justify the enslavement of people, it became a rationalization and buttress for the practices of trans-Atlantic slavery. From the work of François Bernier to G. W. Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, and others, Smith delves into philosophy's part in the legacy and damages of modern racism. With a broad narrative stretching over two centuries, Nature, Human Nature, and Human Difference takes a critical historical look at how the racial categories that we divide ourselves into came into being.

Author: Arthur comte de Gobineau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civilization
Languages : en
Pages : 266

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Author: George Robins Gliddon
Publisher: Franklin Classics Trade Press
ISBN: 9780343990961
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 796

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author: Robert Bernasconi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human evolution
Languages : en
Pages : 690

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Author: Robert Benjamin Lewis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Black race
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Author: Corrie Decker
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110710369X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 353

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An engaging history of how the idea of development has shaped Africa's past and present encounters with the West.

Author: Robert Bernasconi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human evolution
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Author: Gareth Knapman
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315452154
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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The idea of "race" played an increasing role in nineteenth-century British colonial thought. For most of the nineteenth century, John Crawfurd towered over British colonial policy in South-East Asia, being not only a colonial administrator, journalist and professional lobbyist, but also one of the key racial theorists in the British Empire. He approached colonialism as a radical liberal, proposing universal voting for all races in British colonies and believing all races should have equal legal rights. Yet at the same time, he also believed that races represented distinct species of people, who were unrelated. This book charts the development of Crawfurd’s ideas, from the brief but dramatic period of British rule in Java, to his political campaigns against James Brooke and British rule in Borneo. Central to Crawfurd’s political battles were the debates he had with his contemporaries, such as Stamford Raffles and William Marsden, over the importance of race and his broader challenge to universal ideas of history, which questioned the racial unity of humanity. The book taps into little explored manuscripts, newspapers and writings to uncover the complexity of a leading nineteenth-century political and racial thinker whose actions and ideas provide a new view of British liberal, colonial and racial thought.

Author: Samuel George Morton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Broadsides
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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