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Author: Joe Burke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Research suggests that employees work harder under penalty contracts than under economically equivalent bonus contracts. We build on this literature by examining how the motivational advantage of penalty contracts depends on a common aspect of real-world contracts: payoff ambiguity. With payoff ambiguity, employees provide effort without knowing how much pay they will receive for a given level of performance. According to our theory, this ambiguity opens the door for employee optimism, which has contrasting effects under each contract frame. Results from an experiment support this theory, with an increase in ambiguity leading to less employee effort with penalty contracts (as employees optimistically expect small penalties) and to more effort with bonus contracts (as employees optimistically expect large bonuses). We also find that these effects are stronger for more dispositionally optimistic employees. Overall, our results suggest that bonus contracts may be more motivating and penalty contracts less motivating than previously thought.
Author: Joe Burke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Research suggests that employees work harder under penalty contracts than under economically equivalent bonus contracts. We build on this literature by examining how the motivational advantage of penalty contracts depends on a common aspect of real-world contracts: payoff ambiguity. With payoff ambiguity, employees provide effort without knowing how much pay they will receive for a given level of performance. According to our theory, this ambiguity opens the door for employee optimism, which has contrasting effects under each contract frame. Results from an experiment support this theory, with an increase in ambiguity leading to less employee effort with penalty contracts (as employees optimistically expect small penalties) and to more effort with bonus contracts (as employees optimistically expect large bonuses). We also find that these effects are stronger for more dispositionally optimistic employees. Overall, our results suggest that bonus contracts may be more motivating and penalty contracts less motivating than previously thought.
Author: Ian Ayres Publisher: Bantam ISBN: 0553907824 Category : Self-Help Languages : en Pages : 295
Book Description
Could you lose weight if you put $20,000 at risk? Would you finally set up your billing software if it meant that your favorite charity would earn a new contribution? If you’ve ever tried to meet a goal and came up short, the problem may not have been that the goal was too difficult or that you lacked the discipline to succeed. From giving up cigarettes to increasing your productivity at work, you may simply have neglected to give yourself the proper incentives. In Carrot and Sticks, Ian Ayres, the New York Times bestselling author of Super Crunchers, applies the lessons learned from behavioral economics—the fascinating new science of rewards and punishments—to introduce readers to the concept of “commitment contracts”: an easy but high-powered strategy for setting and achieving goals already in use by successful companies and individuals across America. As co-founder of the website stickK.com (where people have entered into their own “commitment contracts” and collectively put more than $3 million on the line), Ayres has developed contracts—including the one he honored with himself to lose more than twenty pounds in one year—that have already helped many find the best way to help themselves at work or home. Now he reveals the strategies that can give you the impetus to meet your personal and professional goals, including how to • motivate your employees • create a monthly budget • set and meet deadlines • improve your diet • learn a foreign language • finish a report or project you’ve been putting off • clear your desk Ayres shares engaging, often astounding, real-life stories that show the carrot-and-stick principle in action, from the compulsive sneezer who needed a “stick” (the potential loss of $50 per week to a charity he didn’t like) to those who need a carrot with their stick (the New York Times columnist who quit smoking by pledging a friend $5,000 per smoke . . . if she would do the same for him). You’ll learn why you might want to hire a “professional nagger” whom you’ll do anything to avoid—no, your spouse won’t do!—and how you can “hand-tie” your future self to accomplish what you want done now. You’ll find out how a New Zealand ad exec successfully “sold his smoking addiction,” and why Zappos offered new employees $2,000 to quit cigarettes. As fascinating as it is practical, as much about human behavior as about how to change it, Carrots and Sticks is sure to be one of the most talked-about books of the year.
Author: Olara A. Otunnu Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN: 0585114307 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 369
Book Description
The UN's record in peace operations is long, various, distinguished by both accomplishments and failures, and most importantly, innovative. Unfulfilled expectations and escalating violence in Somalia, Rwanda, and Bosnia forced retrenchment upon UN peace operations_but at the same time, a new opportunity to enhance capacities, review strategies, redefine roles, and reaffirm responsibilities has opened up. Here, a dynamic group of leading diplomats, academics, and journalists combines forces with UN policymakers and leaders including current Secretary-General Kofi Annan and former Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to explore how the international community can improve its practice in negotiating and implementing peace. They look at what works and what doesn't in UN peacemaking and peacekeeping, and then map out alternative futures for UN action in the 21st century.
Author: David Pepper Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000753581 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
Originally published in 1984, The Roots of Modern Environmentalism provides a historical, philosophical and ideological background to environmentalism. Topics covered include, the roots of technological environmentalism, the medieval cosmology and Bacon’s philosophy, the non-scientific roots of ecological environmentalism, such as Romanticism and its scientific roots in the theories of Malthus and Darwin. The Marxist perspective on Nature is also discussed. The concluding chapter is a criticism of education which challenges its usefulness as an agent of socio-economic change. This book will be of interest to academics and students of environmentalism and geography.
Author: Eli Berman Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691204012 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 410
Book Description
How a new understanding of warfare can help the military fight today's conflicts more effectively. The way wars are fought has changed starkly over the past sixty years. International military campaigns used to play out between large armies at central fronts. Today's conflicts find major powers facing rebel insurgencies that deploy elusive methods, from improvised explosives to terrorist attacks. Small Wars, Big Data presents a transformative understanding of these contemporary confrontations and how they should be fought. The authors show that a revolution in the study of conflict--enabled by vast data, rich qualitative evidence, and modern methods--yields new insights into terrorism, civil wars, and foreign interventions. Modern warfare is not about struggles over territory but over people; civilians--and the information they might choose to provide--can turn the tide at critical junctures. The authors draw practical lessons from the past two decades of conflict in locations ranging from Latin America and the Middle East to Central and Southeast Asia. Building an information-centric understanding of insurgencies, the authors examine the relationships between rebels, the government, and civilians. This approach serves as a springboard for exploring other aspects of modern conflict, including the suppression of rebel activity, the role of mobile communications networks, the links between aid and violence, and why conventional military methods might provide short-term success but undermine lasting peace. Ultimately the authors show how the stronger side can almost always win the villages, but why that does not guarantee winning the war. Small Wars, Big Data provides groundbreaking perspectives for how small wars can be better strategized and favorably won to the benefit of the local population.
Author: Stephen F. Reed Publisher: Aspen Publishing ISBN: 154381753X Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 621
Book Description
Modern cases highlight the legal principles involving parties and situations that are entrepreneurial in nature in this one-of-a kind text. Students are presented with solid doctrine in the various disciplines covered in Entrepreneurship Law and come to understand their interrelatedness. A chronological approach, from the conception of the idea through all stages of the business, includes potential exit strategies such as the sale of the venture or an initial public offering. Hypotheticals, in the form of a running case study based on the authors’ vast experience as practicing attorneys, focus on the very real issues entrepreneurs face. The authors teach at Northwestern Law, well-known for its entrepreneurship course, which is one of the longest-running in the United States. Entrepreneurship Law: Cases and Materials is the only law school casebook of its kind. New to the Second Edition: New cases and readings reflecting changing doctrine in employment law, intellectual property, and securities law (including crowdfunding) Greater attention to social entrepreneurs, including the addition of public benefit corporations, L3Cs, and nonprofits to the chapter on creating an entity Refreshed and updated readings and materials reflecting current trends and practices in financing of entrepreneurial ventures Updates reflecting feedback from current adopters and students in the authors’ course at Northwestern Professors and student will benefit from: Modern cases that highlight the legal principles involving parties and situations that are entrepreneurial in nature Presents solid doctrine in the various disciplines covered in Entrepreneurship Law while also emphasizing their interrelatedness Provides a chronological approach to the subject, from the conception of the idea through all stages of the business, including potential exit strategies such as the sale of the venture or an initial public offering Contains hypotheticals and involved, practice-oriented skills-based problems that focus on actual issues entrepreneurs face that are informed by the authors’ real experiences as practicing attorneys Classroom tested by faculty at multiple law schools. Authors teach at Northwestern Law, well-known for its entrepreneurship course, one of the longest-running in the United States The only law school casebook of its kind Teaching materials Include: Website for adopting faculty with resources including sample syllabi, practice problems, and other curricular materials
Author: Sara Jones Publisher: Walter de Gruyter ISBN: 3110237962 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
This study develops an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the cultural history of the German Democratic Republic, examining the interaction between intellectuals and Party functionaries from a literary and historical perspective. Divided into three case studies, the work focuses on writers positioned along a spectrum of conformity and dissent and who had quite different relationships to political power: Hermann Kant, Stefan Heym and Elfriede Brüning. Drawing on and comparing unpublished archive material, autobiography and the literary output of the three named writers, this study brings to the fore the ambiguities and contradictions of intellectual life in the GDR. Tensions between the different sources point towards tensions inherent in the subject positions of writers, publishers, reviewers and cultural authorities. This granular approach to the study of GDR cultural history challenges top-down interpretations and builds into a theoretical understanding of GDR cultural life based on the concepts of ambiguity and ambivalence and the increasing fragmentation of ideology. Comparison with other spheres of GDR life points towards the significance of these concepts for the study of East German society as a whole.
Author: Paul McGreevy Publisher: DARLINGTON PRESS ISBN: 1921364157 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
Have you ever wondered how a sheepdog, police horse, leopard or octopus is trained? Carrots and Sticks brings behavioural science to life, explaining animal training techniques in the language of learning theory. The first sections on instinct and intelligence, rewards and punishers are richly infused with examples from current training practice, and establish the principles that are explored later in the unique case studies. Drawing on interviews with leading animal trainers, Carrots and Sticks offers 50 case studies that explore the step-by-step training of a wide variety of companion, working and exotic animals. It reviews the preparation of animals prior to training and common pitfalls encountered. The book's accessible style will challenge your preconceptions and simplify your approach to all animal-training challenges. This exciting text will prove invaluable to anyone with an interest, amateur or professional, in the general basics of animal training, as well as to students of psychology, veterinary medicine, agriculture and animal science.
Author: Joe Burke
Author: Joe Burke
Author: Ian Ayres
Author: Olara A. Otunnu
Author: 
Author: David Pepper
Author: 
Author: Eli Berman
Author: Stephen F. Reed
Author: Sara Jones
Author: Paul McGreevy