Alternative Fuel Sources for Military Aviation PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Book Description
The use of alternative fuel in military aviation has to be looked though different lens to consider it a viable option. Many different groups for many different reasons can lobby the use of alternative fuel in military aviation. Four different types of alternative fuel sources are researched for this paper: synthetic fuel, biofuel, hydrogen fuel cell, and solar. All four have positive and negative attributes for military aviation. In considering the four different alternative fuel sources, they must be looked at for their cost to national security, the environment, and viability.

Author: Mark S. Danigole
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437911080
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Book Description
The USAF is the largest energy consumer in the DoD. In conjunction with the Pres¿s. mandate to reduce dependency on foreign oil and in an effort to stem fuel exp., the USAF estab. an alternative energy program focused on increased conservation and the dev¿t. of new, domestic sources of fuel. This report examines biologically produced fuel alternatives and their ability to meet USAF jet fuel requirements by the year 2025. It examines ethanol, terrestrial produced biodiesel, algae oil and biobutanol and each fuel¿s ability to meet JP-8 fuel standards while achieving compatibility with USAF aircraft and fuel distribution systems. It recommends the continued development of biofuel technology to reduce USAF dependency on foreign oil. Illus.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440998
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 123

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Book Description
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

Author: Nathan A. Palmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel motor
Languages : en
Pages : 38

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Book Description
"The United States (US) is the world's top petroleum consumer, and without a doubt the United States Air Force (USAF) is the largest energy consumer in the Department of Defense (DoD). But the increasing price of oil has forced USAF leaders to pursue innovative and aggressive steps to incorporate alternative fuel sources into the military inventory. This increase in energy costs affects budgets in the form of unforecasted fuel expenditures and has resulted in an inward domestic search for alternative fuel sources. This paper will explore innovative fuel alternatives to assess their ability to meet the USAF ground fuel needs in austere locations. This will be accomplished by examining combinations of synthetic fuels, biodiesel, waste vegetable oil, used engine oil and blended fuel variants to meet this increasing requirement, without impacting current distribution and storage systems. Finally, using information gathered in this research, the paper will chronicle the effects of sample alternative fuels principles on a test vehicle, and conclude with recommendations based on test results."--Abstract.

Author: Yvonne Carrico
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algal biofuels
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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Book Description
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze three of the alternative fuels that are currently (or soon to be) available that can meet U.S. Air Force aviation fuel requirements. While commercial airlines are also beginning to show interest in alternative fuels, the significance for the military extends beyond price and includes national security concerns. The three fuels showing the most promise for aviation are natural gas to liquid (GTL), coal to liquid (CTL), and biofuel from algae. This paper compares these three fuels using six traits either required of current aviation fuel or desired for their replacement: performance, energy content, compatibility, low cost and carbon, source, and storage/transport requirements. While all three fuels meet the required performance, energy, compatibility, storage and transport requirements of aviation fuel, they fall short in some of the other desired areas. Both GTL and CTL are not low carbon, and they are also not renewable or sustainable sources. Biofuel from algae meets all of the requirements, however the current cost of production is high and it could take up to a decade for this to become a viable alternative to oil. This analysis shows that the best option for the Air Force is to invest in carbon capture technology and pursue GTL or CTL fuels for the short term. However, research and development of biofuel from algae should also continue, as this fuel shows the most promise as a permanent, renewable, and sustainable replacement for oil."--Abstract.

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 104

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Author: Rasmus Klavan
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781628082333
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book provides background information and identifies issues for Congress regarding Department of Defense (DOD) alternative fuel initiatives, an issue of considerable attention during hearings in 2012 on DOD's FY2013 budget. Ongoing alternative fuel efforts of the DOD and the military services include purchases of alternative fuels for testing and evaluation, as well as the certification of alternative fuels for use in service fleets. In addition, the Navy, in co-ordination with the Department of Energy and the Department of Agriculture, intends to spur domestic advanced biofuel production at a commercial scale using the authority of the Defense Production Act. The services (Army, Navy, and Air Force) have spent approximately $48 million on alternative fuels, and the Navy has proposed a $170 million investment in biofuel production capacity. An overview of the DOD's alternative fuels policy and data on DOD's alternative fuels purchase to date, as well as the status of testing platforms on alternative fuel blends and the certification of those blends for fleet-wide use within the services is also discussed.

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Subcommittee on Aerospace Technology and National Needs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Author: James T. Bartis
Publisher: RAND Corporation
ISBN: 9780833050007
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Book Description
The military services have established programs geared toward reducing dependence on the use of petroleum-derived fuels in tactical weapon systems. This monograph examines alternative fuels that are candidates for military applications, focusing on economic viability, greenhouse gas emissions, military utility, and current alternative fuel development, testing, and certification efforts within the Department of Defense.

Author: National Science National Science and Technology Council
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781542437356
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
The U.S. civil and military aviation community has historically relied upon energy-dense liquid jet fuel that is derived from petroleum, which is subject to volatile pricing and uncertain supply and harmful to the environment. More recently developed jet fuel alternatives derived from nonpetroleum feedstock can help address those issues and other U.S. energy-related challenges, making development of alternative energy fuels (AJFs) of increased interest in the realm of aviation. Effective Federal research and development can enable AJF development by reducing the costs of producing fuel, facilitating effective evaluation and approval of promising fuel pathways, ensuring that environmental and social benefits accrue from the use of these fuels, reducing technical uncertainty, and promoting private sector investment in production.