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Author: Patrice E.A. Turchi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461524768 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 725
Book Description
The study of phase transformations in substitutional alloys, including order disorder phenomena and structural transformations, plays a crucial role in understanding the physical and mechanical properties of materials, and in designing alloys with desired technologically important characteristics. Indeed, most of the physical properties, including equilibrium properties, transport, magnetic, vibrational as well as mechanical properties of alloys are often controlled by and are highly sensitive to the existence of ordered compounds and to the occurrence of structural transformations. Correspondingly, the alloy designer facing the task of processing new high-performance materials with properties that meet specific industrial applications must answer the following question: What is the crystalline structure and the atomic configuration that an alloy may exhibit at given temperature and concentration? Usually the answer is sought in the phase-diagram of a relevant system that is often determined experimentally and does not provide insight to the underlying mechanisms driving phase stability. Because of the rather tedious and highly risky nature of developing new materials through conventional metallurgical techniques, a great deal of effort has been expended in devising methods for understanding the mechanisms contrOlling phase transformations at the microscopic level. These efforts have been bolstered through the development of fully ab initio, accurate theoretical models, coupled with the advent of new experimental methods and of powerful supercomputer capabilities.
Author: A. Gonis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461303850 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 742
Book Description
Engineering materials with desirable physical and technological properties requires understanding and predictive capability of materials behavior under varying external conditions, such as temperature and pressure. This immediately brings one face to face with the fundamental difficulty of establishing a connection between materials behavior at a microscopic level, where understanding is to be sought, and macroscopic behavior which needs to be predicted. Bridging the corresponding gap in length scales that separates the ends of this spectrum has been a goal intensely pursued by theoretical physicists, experimentalists, and metallurgists alike. Traditionally, the search for methods to bridge the length scale gap and to gain the needed predictive capability of materials properties has been conducted largely on a trial and error basis, guided by the skill of the metallurgist, large volumes of experimental data, and often ad hoc semi phenomenological models. This situation has persisted almost to this day, and it is only recently that significant changes have begun to take place. These changes have been brought about by a number of developments, some of long standing, others of more recent vintage.
Author: C.T. Liu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401125341 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 692
Book Description
Ordered intermetallics constitute a unique class of metallic materials which may be developed as new-generation materials for structural use at high temperatures in hostile environments. At present, there is a worldwide interest in intermetallics, and extensive efforts have been devoted to intermetallic research and development in the U.S., Japan, European countries, and other nations. As a result, significant advances have been made in all areas of intermetallic research. This NATO Advanced Workshop on ordered intermetallics (1) reviews the recent progress, and (2) assesses the future direction of intermetallic research in the areas of electronic structure and phase stability, deformation and fracture, and high-temperature properties. The book is divided into six parts: (1) Electronic Structure and Phase Stability; (2) Deformation and Dislocation Structures; (3) Ductility and Fracture; (4) Kinetic Processes and Creep Behavior; (5) Research Programs and Highlights; and (6) Assessment of Current Research and Recommendation for Future Work. The first four parts review the recent advances in the three focus areas. The fifth part provides highlights of the intermetallic research under major programs and in different institutes and countries. The last part provides a forum for the discussion of research areas for future studies.
Author: Frank R.N. Nabarro Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080535313 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 633
Book Description
Dislocations are lines of irregularity in the structure of a solid analogous to the bumps in a badly laid carpet. Like these bumps, they can be easily moved, and they provide the most important mechanism by which the solid can be deformed. They also have a strong influence on crystal growth and on the electronic properties of semiconductors.
Author: Li Lü Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780792380665 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
Mechanical alloying (or mechanical milling) was invented in the 1970's as a method to develop dispersion-strengthened high temperature alloys with unique properties. With the discovery of formation of amorphous alloys using this technique, it has received new research interest in developing different material systems. Potential applications of this technique have been demonstrated in different areas of materials research. This book is intended as an introduction to mechanical alloying technique used in difference areas. This book contains basic information on the preparation of materials using the mechanical alloying technique. It is useful not only to undergraduate and post-graduate students, but also to scientists and engineers who wish to gain some understanding on the basic process and mechanisms of the process. The book begins with a brief introduction to provide a historical background understanding to the development of the mechanical alloying process. The experimental set-up in the alloying process is important. Currently there are different types of ball mills available. Some of them are specially designed for mechanical alloying process. Since the resultant materials are milling intensity and milling temperature dependent, ball mills should be carefully selected in order to obtain the desired materials and structures. This is discussed in chapter 2. The actual mechanical alloying process is being considered in Chapter 3. As it is essential to understand the use of processing control agents, the physical properties of some commonly used processing control agents are listed.
Author: C. W. Lung Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9789810226220 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 442
Book Description
The book is intended to describe the basic and newly developed elements of the physics of solids and materials science on mechanical properties of metals with as much continuity as is possible. Particular emphasis has been placed in atomistic and fractal approaches and continuum theory of dislocations is also introduced. Since the book is meant for the two main topics of progress in recent years, some interesting and important topics which have not been discussed or introduced are given in detail.For a long time, pair potentials were used very expensively in simulation studies. They can reproduce usefully total energies for many systems. But when one turns to elastic properties, fracture of surfaces, and the vacancy formation energy, deficiencies and limitations begin to emerge. These limitations of the simple pair potential approximation have been addressed by the development of empirical many-body potentials which is the major theme of our book.Over a decade or more, diverse scientists have recognized that many of the structures common in their experiments have a special kind of geometrical complexity. The key to this progress is the recognition that many random structures obey a symmetry that objects look the same on many different scales of observation. The concept of fractals was introduced by Mandelbrot and applied to fractures by himself and collaborators. Their work pointed to a correlation between toughness and the fractal dimension. Our interest is the fractal aspects of fractured surfaces. We will discuss more in our book.The strain field of a dislocation has a long range part and this part can be discussed rigorously from elasticity theory. Recent progress in elastic strain fields and dislocation mobility were made by Indenbom and Lothe. The elementary essentials will be introduced in our book.
Author: G. Malcolm Stocks
Author: G. Malcolm Stocks
Author: G. Malcolm Stocks
Author: Patrice E.A. Turchi
Author: A. Gonis
Author: C.T. Liu
Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Author: Frank R.N. Nabarro
Author: Li Lü
Author: Bruce M. Clemens
Author: C. W. Lung