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Author: G.M. Stocks Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400909152 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 638
Book Description
One of the ultimate goals of materials research is to develop a fun damental and predictive understanding of the physical and metallurgical properties of metals and alloys. Such an understanding can then be used in the design of materials having novel properties or combinations of proper ties designed to meet specific engineering applications. The development of new and useful alloy systems and the elucidation of their properties are the domain of metallurgy. Traditionally, the search for new alloy systems has been conducted largely on a trial and error basis, guided by the skill and intuition of the metallurgist, large volumes of experimental data, the principles of 19th century thermodynamics and ad hoc semi-phenomenological models. Recently, the situation has begun to change. For the first time, it is possible to understand the underlying mechanisms that control the formation of alloys and determine their properties. Today theory can begin to offer guidance in predicting the properties of alloys and in developing new alloy systems. Historically, attempts directed toward understanding phase stability and phase transitions have proceeded along distinct and seemingly diverse lines. Roughly, we can divide these approaches into the following broad categories. 1. Experimental determination of phase diagrams and related properties, 2. Thermodynamic/statistical mechanical approaches based on semi phenomenological models, and 3. Ab initio quantum mechanical methods. Metallurgists have traditionally concentrated their efforts in cate gories 1 and 2, while theoretical physicists have been preoccupied with 2 and 3.
Author: F. Ducastelle Publisher: North Holland ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
Hardbound. The main purpose of this book is to describe the modern tools of solid state physics (in particular, electronic structure calculations and statistical thermodynamics) that enable us to understand ordering effects in alloys and to determine phase diagrams. This approach is used more to throw light on the most important physical mechanisms rather than to be able to make accurate predictions suitable for particular applications. On the other hand, more phenomenological, practically oriented approaches can expand the scope of these new theoretical insights. A second purpose of the book is to show that materials science can provide wonderful and too often ignored examples to test and discuss the most fundamental physical theories. For example, many real alloys on a face centered cubic lattice are marvellous examples of the Ising model on this lattice with many different ordered structures, commensurate or not.The text is therefore defi
Author: J. L. Morán-López Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461533821 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 269
Book Description
This vohune contains the papers presented at the Adriatico Research Conference on Structural and Phase Stability of Alloys held in Trieste, Italy, in May 1991, under the auspices of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. The conference brought together participants with a variety of interests in theoretical and experimental aspects of alloys from Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, People's Republic of Congo,Portugal, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, U. S. S. R. , and Venezuela. The conference was purposely designed to succinctly cover experimental and the oretical aspects of magnetic and non-magnetic alloys, surfaces, thin films and nanos tructures. The Conference opened with an overview of a select class of advanced structural materials, with a potential in engineering applications, for which the con ventional "physics" approach, both theoretical and experimental, should have a sig nificant impact. A number of papers were dedicated to the use of phenomenological approaches for the description of thermodynamic bulk and surface properties. It was clear from these presentations that the phenomenological models and simulations in alloy theory have reached a high degree of sophistication. Although with somewhat limited predictive powers, the phenomenological models provide a valuable tool for the understanding of a variety of subtle phenomena such as short-range order, phase stability, kinetics and the thermodynamics of surfaces and antiphase boundaries, to name a few.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The authors have used high-precision electronic-structure and cluster-variational method (CVM) techniques to study aspects of alloy design involving the phase stability and ordering tendencies of the ternary system Ti-Al-Nb, and the correlation with these to changes in the electronic structure of these materials. This system is of great interest for aerospace applications due to its desirable mechanical properties and low densities. Total energies were computed for 18 binary and ternary bcc superstructures in order to derive parameters for CVM calculations, which showed important strong ordering tendencies in the alloy phase diagram as a function of temperature and alloy concentration. Structural optimization calculations were used to analyze structural instabilities for bcc, fcc, hcp, O-phase, and [omega]-phase structures. The authors discovered the mechanism for the role of Nb in the structural stability of the O-phase of the ternary intermetallic Ti2AlNb. Calculations were also done to investigate the electronic properties associated with the structural stability of a related class of Laves Phase high-temperature structural materials NbCr2 and HfV2.
Author: Patrice E.A. Turchi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461524768 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 725
Book Description
The study of phase transformations in substitutional alloys, including order disorder phenomena and structural transformations, plays a crucial role in understanding the physical and mechanical properties of materials, and in designing alloys with desired technologically important characteristics. Indeed, most of the physical properties, including equilibrium properties, transport, magnetic, vibrational as well as mechanical properties of alloys are often controlled by and are highly sensitive to the existence of ordered compounds and to the occurrence of structural transformations. Correspondingly, the alloy designer facing the task of processing new high-performance materials with properties that meet specific industrial applications must answer the following question: What is the crystalline structure and the atomic configuration that an alloy may exhibit at given temperature and concentration? Usually the answer is sought in the phase-diagram of a relevant system that is often determined experimentally and does not provide insight to the underlying mechanisms driving phase stability. Because of the rather tedious and highly risky nature of developing new materials through conventional metallurgical techniques, a great deal of effort has been expended in devising methods for understanding the mechanisms contrOlling phase transformations at the microscopic level. These efforts have been bolstered through the development of fully ab initio, accurate theoretical models, coupled with the advent of new experimental methods and of powerful supercomputer capabilities.
Author: G. Malcolm Stocks
Author: G. Malcolm Stocks
Author: G.M. Stocks
Author: Battelle Memorial Institute
Author: F. Ducastelle
Author: J. L. Morán-López
Author: G. Malcolm Stocks
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Patrice E.A. Turchi
Author: T. B. Massalski