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Author: Manjola Hoxha Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783843362627 Category : Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
Foreign policy studies usually focus on explain, understanding and analyses of foreign policy process and attitudes of strong countries to other countries. The main idea of this study is to understand the transition history of Albanian Foreign Policy since 1990 and analyze changes and benefits of foreign policy that has undergone as a result of this transition period. Moreover at that time Albania despite carrying on her shoulder the name as a small country wished to be effective player in the Balkan region. A small country like Albania, which was once a member of Warsaw Pact, supporter and implementer of communist ideology, now a member of the largest military alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and a candidate for the European Union (EU) membership. All these colossal changes from a closed country to a country with open policy, from a country with communist ideology to a country with capitalist ideology have made Albania to exceed a transition which although 20 years that has been initiated but has not yet completed.
Author: Manjola Hoxha Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783843362627 Category : Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
Foreign policy studies usually focus on explain, understanding and analyses of foreign policy process and attitudes of strong countries to other countries. The main idea of this study is to understand the transition history of Albanian Foreign Policy since 1990 and analyze changes and benefits of foreign policy that has undergone as a result of this transition period. Moreover at that time Albania despite carrying on her shoulder the name as a small country wished to be effective player in the Balkan region. A small country like Albania, which was once a member of Warsaw Pact, supporter and implementer of communist ideology, now a member of the largest military alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and a candidate for the European Union (EU) membership. All these colossal changes from a closed country to a country with open policy, from a country with communist ideology to a country with capitalist ideology have made Albania to exceed a transition which although 20 years that has been initiated but has not yet completed.
Author: Elez Biberaj Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 042997096X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
This book focuses on the trials and tribulations of Albania's efforts to create a democratic political order. It assesses the degree and significance of changes since the early 1990s, providing a detailed account of the transition from Communist Party rule to multiparty competition.
Author: Shinasi A. Rama Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429516142 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive examination of the Albanian Student Movement of 1990–1991. To date, there are no thorough studies of the first year of the post-Communist transition in Albania, which constitutes the most critical period of transition. The lessons to be learned are vast and of great importance to the debates on social movements, mobilization, and transition. Renowned scholars of modern Albanian history, led by the former leader of the Albanian Student Movement, Shinasi A. Rama, provide a study of the critical role played by this movement in the political transformation of Albania from a totalitarian cult-state to a multiparty political system during 1990–1991. Their informed analyses combined with first-hand knowledge of the events during a key period of Albanian history shed light on the Student Movement, its ideology, values, contributions, and its relationship to the system and to the ruling caste. The authors come to the core conclusion that the Student Movement remained an independent player that achieved change in the political system at a crucial juncture. The End of Communist Rule in Albania is a much-needed contribution in the fields of social movements, democratization studies, Communist and Post-Communist politics, and Albanian Studies.
Author: Fred Abrahams Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 1479896683 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 378
Book Description
In the early 1990s, Albania, arguably Europe’s most closed and repressive state, began a startling transition out of forty years of self-imposed Communist isolation. Albanians who were not allowed to practice religion, travel abroad, wear jeans, or read “decadent” Western literature began to devour the outside world. They opened cafés, companies, and newspapers. Previously banned rock music blared in the streets. Modern Albania offers a vivid history of the Albanian Communist regime’s fall and the trials and tribulations that led the country to become the state it is today. The book provides an in-depth look at the Communists' last Politburo meetings and the first student revolts, the fall of the Stalinist regime, the outflows of refugees, the crash of the massive pyramid-loan schemes, the war in neighboring Kosovo, and Albania’s relationship with the United States. Fred Abrahams weaves together personal experience from more than twenty years of work in Albania, interviews with key Albanians and foreigners who played a role in the country’s politics since 1990—including former Politburo members, opposition leaders, intelligence agents, diplomats, and founders of the Kosovo Liberation Army—and a close examination of hundreds of previously secret government records from Albania and the United States. A rich, narratively-driven account, Modern Albania gives readers a front-row seat to the dramatic events of the last battle of Cold War Europe.
Author: Lea Ypi Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company ISBN: 0393867749 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Shortlisted for the 2021 Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction Shortlisted for the 2021 Costa Biography Award The Sunday Times Best Book of the Year in Biography and Memoir A Financial Times Best Book of 2021 (Critics' Picks) The New Yorker, Best Books We Read in 2021 Times Literary Supplement Book of the Year 2021 A Guardian Best Book of the Year A reflection on "freedom" in a dramatic, beautifully written memoir of the end of Communism in the Balkans. For precocious 11-year-old Lea Ypi, Albania’s Soviet-style socialism held the promise of a preordained future, a guarantee of security among enthusiastic comrades. That is, until she found herself clinging to a stone statue of Joseph Stalin, newly beheaded by student protests. Communism had failed to deliver the promised utopia. One’s “biography”—class status and other associations long in the past—put strict boundaries around one’s individual future. When Lea’s parents spoke of relatives going to “university” or “graduating,” they were speaking of grave secrets Lea struggled to unveil. And when the early ’90s saw Albania and other Balkan countries exuberantly begin a transition to the “free market,” Western ideals of freedom delivered chaos: a dystopia of pyramid schemes, organized crime, and sex trafficking. With her elegant, intellectual, French-speaking grandmother; her radical-chic father; and her staunchly anti-socialist, Thatcherite mother to guide her through these disorienting times, Lea had a political education of the most colorful sort—here recounted with outstanding literary talent. Now one of the world’s most dynamic young political thinkers and a prominent leftist voice in the United Kingdom, Lea offers a fresh and invigorating perspective on the relation between the personal and the political, between values and identity, posing urgent questions about the cost of freedom.
Author: William Giloane Publisher: Good Press ISBN: Category : Fiction Languages : en Pages : 189
Book Description
'The Area Handbook for Albania' seeks to present an overview of the various social, political, and economic aspects of the country as they appeared in 1970. The leaders of the Communist Party have gone to extremes to maintain an aura of secrecy about their nation and their efforts to govern it. Material on Albania is scanty and some that is available is not reliable but, using their own judgments on sources, the authors have striven for objectivity in this effort to depict Albanian society in 1970.
Author: Anja Mihr Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030774899 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
This open access book features various studies on democratization, transformation, socio-economic development, and security issues in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) geographical region and beyond. Written by experts and scholars working in the field of human dimension, security, transformation and development in Europe and Asia, particularly in post-soviet and communist countries, it examines the connectivity that the OSCE provides between the East and the West. The 2021 edition of this Compilation Series of the OSCE Academy presents studies on peace and conflict as well as political regime development in various member states of the OSCE as well as their economic, security and human rights performance and the challenges countries and society face currently. The OSCE is working in promoting Human Rights and Democratization under the notion of Human Dimension of ODIHR and is enhancing securitization and development policies in Eurasia, Europe, Central Asia and North America since 1991. 2021 marks the 30th anniversary on the tremendous efforts in promoting democracy, security and development. This compilation reviews some of these efforts in light of this anniversary, the achievements and shortcomings.
Author: Manjola Hoxha
Author: Manjola Hoxha
Author: Elez Biberaj
Author: Shinasi A. Rama
Author: Human Rights Watch, Helsinki Staff
Author: Fred Abrahams
Author: Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Author: Lea Ypi
Author: William Giloane
Author: Elez Biberaj
Author: Anja Mihr