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Author: Qiguo Jing Publisher: ISBN: 9781267132369 Category : Air Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
The third part of my dissertation focused on formulating a model to estimate concentrations of NO 2, NO x, and O 3 averaged over a spatial scale of the order of a kilometer in a domain extending over tens of kilometers. The model can be used to estimate hourly concentrations of these species over time periods of years. It achieves the required computational efficiency by separating transport and chemistry using the concept of species age. Evaluation with data measured at 21 stations distributed over the Los Angeles air basin indicates that the model provides an adequate description of the spatial and temporal variation of the concentrations of NO 2 and NO x . Estimates of maximum hourly O3 concentrations show little bias compared to observations, but the scatter is not small.
Author: Qiguo Jing Publisher: ISBN: 9781267132369 Category : Air Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
The third part of my dissertation focused on formulating a model to estimate concentrations of NO 2, NO x, and O 3 averaged over a spatial scale of the order of a kilometer in a domain extending over tens of kilometers. The model can be used to estimate hourly concentrations of these species over time periods of years. It achieves the required computational efficiency by separating transport and chemistry using the concept of species age. Evaluation with data measured at 21 stations distributed over the Los Angeles air basin indicates that the model provides an adequate description of the spatial and temporal variation of the concentrations of NO 2 and NO x . Estimates of maximum hourly O3 concentrations show little bias compared to observations, but the scatter is not small.
Author: Jonathan Lee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The US EPA's command-and-control NOx policies of the early 1990s are associated with a 3.1 percentage point reduction in the likelihood of manufacturing plants vertically integrating the electricity generation process. During the same period California adopted a cap-and-trade program for NOx emissions that resulted in no significant impact on distributed electricity generation in manufacturing. These results suggest that traditional command-and-control approaches to air pollution may exacerbate other market failures such as the energy efficiency gap, because distributed generation is generally recognized as a more energy efficient means of producing electricity.
Author: Chinese Academy of Engineering Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309160006 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.
Author: Dattatraya Gaonkar Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9533070463 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
In the recent years the electrical power utilities have undergone rapid restructuring process worldwide. Indeed, with deregulation, advancement in technologies and concern about the environmental impacts, competition is particularly fostered in the generation side, thus allowing increased interconnection of generating units to the utility networks. These generating sources are called distributed generators (DG) and defined as the plant which is directly connected to distribution network and is not centrally planned and dispatched. These are also called embedded or dispersed generation units. The rating of the DG systems can vary between few kW to as high as 100 MW. Various new types of distributed generator systems, such as microturbines and fuel cells in addition to the more traditional solar and wind power are creating significant new opportunities for the integration of diverse DG systems to the utility. Interconnection of these generators will offer a number of benefits such as improved reliability, power quality, efficiency, alleviation of system constraints along with the environmental benefits. Unlike centralized power plants, the DG units are directly connected to the distribution system; most often at the customer end. The existing distribution networks are designed and operated in radial configuration with unidirectional power flow from centralized generating station to customers. The increase in interconnection of DG to utility networks can lead to reverse power flow violating fundamental assumption in their design. This creates complexity in operation and control of existing distribution networks and offers many technical challenges for successful introduction of DG systems. Some of the technical issues are islanding of DG, voltage regulation, protection and stability of the network. Some of the solutions to these problems include designing standard interface control for individual DG systems by taking care of their diverse characteristics, finding new ways to/or install and control these DG systems and finding new design for distribution system. DG has much potential to improve distribution system performance. The use of DG strongly contributes to a clean, reliable and cost effective energy for future. This book deals with several aspects of the DG systems such as benefits, issues, technology interconnected operation, performance studies, planning and design. Several authors have contributed to this book aiming to benefit students, researchers, academics, policy makers and professionals. We are indebted to all the people who either directly or indirectly contributed towards the publication of this book.
Author: Anne-Marie Borbely Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420042394 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
As a result of deregulation, the US electric utility industry is undergoing a dramatic transformation with far-reaching technical and social consequences. At the heart of this transformation lies Distributed Generation (DG)-the substitution of centralized electricity production with smaller-scale technologies located in or near facilities and power
Author: Qiguo Jing
Author: Qiguo Jing
Author: Joel Bluestein
Author: 
Author: Jonathan Lee
Author: Chinese Academy of Engineering
Author: Akula Venkatram![Air Quailty [i.e. Quality] Impacts of Distributed Generation PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/UdizQwAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Gary Scott Samuelsen
Author: Dattatraya Gaonkar
Author: Anne-Marie Borbely
Author: Gevork B. Gharehpetian