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Author: Zixian Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Air pollution can harm us when it accumulates in the air in high enough concentrations. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), especially nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are increasingly of concern due to the environmental and health problems they cause. This reviews the recent literature on the reasons and impacts of NOx pollution as well as ozone pollution related to NOx emissions. A review of the impacts of transportation is provided as it pertains to various types of NOx pollution. To improve the air quality, the recent research focuses on how suitable monitoring methods can be used to more economically and precisely collect data on pollution concentrations. Multiple researchers have explored low-cost monitors. Other research explores more convenient ways to eliminate NOx pollution to improve air quality. Regarding the impact of transportation on NOx emissions, vehicle emission technologies are of concern to an increasing number of people, such as using urea to reduce NOx emission for diesel vehicles and developing all-electrical vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This research focused on the data analysis of NO2 and ozone concentrations in Chicago from the SASA project. Other analyses also provided some data for states and cities in the U.S. to show the relationship between NOx and ozone with transportation. Variations of NOx and ozone emissions were explored. First, the hourly variations in NOx and ozone emissions each day were studied. Second, the seasonal variation in NOx and ozone pollution was analyzed. Third, the differences in NOx emissions on working days and weekends were found. The impacts of NOx emissions on the variation in the ozone concentration in the air were discussed. The purpose of this research is to help more people, especially residents in the communities of Chicago, related to the SASA project to realize the hazard of NOx pollutants to humans and the environment, become aware of the importance and urgency of reducing NOx emissions, and provide feasible methods to solve this problem.
Author: Zixian Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Air pollution can harm us when it accumulates in the air in high enough concentrations. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), especially nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are increasingly of concern due to the environmental and health problems they cause. This reviews the recent literature on the reasons and impacts of NOx pollution as well as ozone pollution related to NOx emissions. A review of the impacts of transportation is provided as it pertains to various types of NOx pollution. To improve the air quality, the recent research focuses on how suitable monitoring methods can be used to more economically and precisely collect data on pollution concentrations. Multiple researchers have explored low-cost monitors. Other research explores more convenient ways to eliminate NOx pollution to improve air quality. Regarding the impact of transportation on NOx emissions, vehicle emission technologies are of concern to an increasing number of people, such as using urea to reduce NOx emission for diesel vehicles and developing all-electrical vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This research focused on the data analysis of NO2 and ozone concentrations in Chicago from the SASA project. Other analyses also provided some data for states and cities in the U.S. to show the relationship between NOx and ozone with transportation. Variations of NOx and ozone emissions were explored. First, the hourly variations in NOx and ozone emissions each day were studied. Second, the seasonal variation in NOx and ozone pollution was analyzed. Third, the differences in NOx emissions on working days and weekends were found. The impacts of NOx emissions on the variation in the ozone concentration in the air were discussed. The purpose of this research is to help more people, especially residents in the communities of Chicago, related to the SASA project to realize the hazard of NOx pollutants to humans and the environment, become aware of the importance and urgency of reducing NOx emissions, and provide feasible methods to solve this problem.
Author: Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: Category : House & Home Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309046319 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 525
Book Description
Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.
Author: Weltgesundheitsorganisation Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9240034226 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 676
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 520
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309119944 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
In light of recent evidence on the relationship of ozone to mortality and questions about its implications for benefit analysis, the Environmental Protection Agency asked the National Research Council to establish a committee of experts to evaluate independently the contributions of recent epidemiologic studies to understanding the size of the ozone-mortality effect in the context of benefit analysis. The committee was also asked to assess methods for estimating how much a reduction in short-term exposure to ozone would reduce premature deaths, to assess methods for estimating associated increases in life expectancy, and to assess methods for estimating the monetary value of the reduced risk of premature death and increased life expectancy in the context of health-benefits analysis. Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution details the committee's findings and posits several recommendations to address these issues.
Author: J. Austin Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 008052690X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 687
Book Description
Acid rain, photochemistry, long-range transport of pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols have dominated tropospheric air pollution for the last 30 years of the 20th century. At the start of the 21st century, acid rain is subject to planned improvement in Europe and North America, but is still a growing problem in Asia. Tropospheric ozone is understood much better, but the problem is still with us, and desirable levels are difficult to achieve over continental Europe. The heterogeneous chemistry that is responsible for ozone depletion in the stratosphere is now reasonably clear, but there is on-going interest in the sources and sinks of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) replacements in the troposphere. There is also increasing interest in indoor air quality, and the origin and health implications of atmospheric particles. Perhaps most important on a global perspective, intensive research has not yet determined the relationship between greenhouse gases, aerosols and surface temperature. The climactic implications of these are now more urgent than ever. This book, the first in the Developments in Environmental Science series, consists of a collection of authoritative reviews and essays on the science and application of air pollution research at the start of this new century.
Author: Zixian Wang
Author: Zixian Wang
Author: 
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: Weltgesundheitsorganisation
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Author: 
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety
Author: National Research Council
Author: J. Austin