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Author: Alexandre Ywata de Carvalho Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Brazilian agricultural market is a key source of government revenues. Therefore, many studies are being done to assess the sector's productivity gain over time. However, the regional analysis of agricultural productivity still is not investigated. This work focuses on mapping the gain of agricultural productivity in Brazil in the years 1990-2012 by micro-region. After an overview of the behavior of productivity in the major regions, will be studied the ten major crops relative to the production value. The soybean, sugar cane, corn, coffee, cotton, cassava, rice, orange, bean and tobacco leaf crops accounted, on average between 2010 and 2012, 83.5% of national production. These 23 years will be divided into two periods, justified by the existing economic outlook at the time: from 1990 to 2000 and 2001 to 2012. These two periods are compared in order to analyze the evolution of productivity over the years.
Author: Alexandre Ywata de Carvalho Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Brazilian agricultural market is a key source of government revenues. Therefore, many studies are being done to assess the sector's productivity gain over time. However, the regional analysis of agricultural productivity still is not investigated. This work focuses on mapping the gain of agricultural productivity in Brazil in the years 1990-2012 by micro-region. After an overview of the behavior of productivity in the major regions, will be studied the ten major crops relative to the production value. The soybean, sugar cane, corn, coffee, cotton, cassava, rice, orange, bean and tobacco leaf crops accounted, on average between 2010 and 2012, 83.5% of national production. These 23 years will be divided into two periods, justified by the existing economic outlook at the time: from 1990 to 2000 and 2001 to 2012. These two periods are compared in order to analyze the evolution of productivity over the years.
Author: Eduardo C. Magalhaes Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
"In recent years, Brazil has become a considerable player in agricultural markets for a number of commodities. Such agricultural growth in Brazil has largely been the result of gains in productivity over the last several decades. Still, there remain some sub-national regions and states that lag behind in both agricultural productivity and levels of per capita income. In this paper, we investigate whether technological spillovers in agriculture have reached the poorer or less productive regions with focus on the evolution and patterns of land productivity. To assess such spillovers, we examine three cereal crops: maize, rice and wheat, as these crops are grown by commercial and subsistence farmers throughout the country. We first apply a generalized entropy (GE) method to assess whether inequality in productivity has changed over time. The entropy analysis indicates that the trends for overall entropy did not increase over time for all three crops. Moreover, declining trends in between-group inequality were observed for maize and wheat and remained constant for rice. This result suggests that yields in less productive micro-regions, indeed, have grown faster than yields in more productive micro-regions, at least in the case of maize and wheat. Next, two types of econometric estimations are used to measure whether convergence has occurred in yields of the three crops. The econometric findings are consistent with the GE results and suggest that conditional convergence has occurred in all three crops, which demonstrates that yields in less productive regions converge to those in productive regions, given the control of other factors. However, the process has been rather slow." --from authors' abstract.
Author: Albert Fishlow Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231549520 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Agriculture and Industry in Brazil is a study of the economics of Brazilian agriculture and industry, with a special focus on the importance of innovation to productivity growth. Albert Fishlow and José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho examine technological change in Brazil, highlighting the role of public policy in building institutions and creating an innovation-oriented environment. Fishlow and Vieira Filho tackle the theme of innovation from various angles. They contrast the relationship between state involvement and the private sector in key parts of the Brazilian economy and compare agricultural expansion with growth in the oil and aviation sectors. Fishlow and Vieira Filho argue that modern agriculture is a knowledge-intensive industry and its success in Brazil stems from public institution building. They demonstrate how research has played a key role in productivity growth, showing how prudent innovation policies can leverage knowledge not only within a particular company but also across whole sectors of the economy. The book discusses whether and how Brazil can serve as a model for other middle-income countries eager to achieve higher growth and a more egalitarian distribution of income. An important contribution to comparative, international, and development economics, Agriculture and Industry in Brazil shows how the public success in agriculture became a prototype for advance elsewhere.
Author: Fabio Chaddad Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128018070 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 179
Book Description
The Economics and Organization of Brazilian Agriculture: Recent Evolution and Productivity Gains presents insights on Brazilian agriculture and its impressive gains in productivity and international competitiveness, also providing insightful examples for global policymakers. In Brazil, as in many countries, many economists and policymakers believe that agriculture is a traditional, low-tech sector that crowds out the development of other economic sectors and the country. This book shows that this anti-agriculture bias is ill-informed, and with population growth, rising incomes, urbanization and diet changes – especially in developing countries like China and India – on the rise, the demand for food is expected to double in the next 40 years. Brazil has the natural resources, technology and management systems in place to benefit from this expected growth in food consumption and trade. Through real-world examples, the book shows how other low-latitude countries with tropical climate and soils like Brazil – especially in sub-Saharan Africa – can benefit from the agricultural technology, production, and management systems developed in Brazil. Case studies in each of three key categories, including technology, resource management, and effective government programs provide valuable insights into effective decision-making to maximize the effect of each. - Provides important and practical insights into achievable agricultural options via case studies - Addresses the use of natural resources, technological advances, and management systems to create viable, adaptive economic growth - Applies lessons learned in Brazil to improving both economic and ecological resource-sustainable agriculture for other regions and countries
Author: Emerson Marinho Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This article analyzes total productivity, technical efficiency and technological change of agricultural GDP of Brazilian regions in the period 1970-1995, using Malmquist total productivity index and the model of sthocastic metaproduction frontier. The estimated production frontiers were used to calculate production elasticities, potential growth of regional productivity and the variation in the index of total productivity of Malmquist, which is decomposed in the indexes of efficiency change and technological change. Based on the estimated coefficients of the model it was verified that investiment in capital lower banking expenditures (interest and bank rates) and greater participation of public fundings to finance such an activity could contribute to the reduction of technical inefficiencies in agriculture. The estimated potential productivity ratios indicate that the Southeast region is the most productive; moreover these gains were explained more by tecnological variation than technical efficiency variation.
Author: Antonio M. Buainain Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351029738 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
In the last few decades, Brazilian agriculture has experienced a seismic transformation, and its contradictory facets have fed different and opposing narratives regarding recent changes. This book covers these changes, exploring the issues from several empirical and analytical angles, including the role of agriculture in the contemporary Brazilian economy, the dynamics of Brazilian agricultural value chains, environmental challenges and the processes of social differentiation. Brazilian agriculture continues to be viewed in the international literature, either through the lenses of the past century – those of former problems relating to land use and land tenure – or apologetically. This collection of essays aims at updating the current interpretations, providing objective accounting of the main transformations, its determinants, results, contradictions and limitations. As it covers the most relevant traits of Brazilian agricultural and rural development, the book will provide the reader with an encompassing view of contemporary Brazilian agriculture, including the positive and negative sides of the so-called tropical agriculture revolution. It highlights the tremendous economic potential as well as the continuing structural heterogeneity, concentration of production and marginalization of millions of small farmers. Written in an engaging and accessible style, this book will be perfect for all those interested in learning about Brazilian agriculture. It will be of particular interest to undergraduate and graduate students of economic development, agricultural economics, rural sociology, comparative economic development, rural development and agricultural policies.
Author: César Nunes de Castro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Much of the recent dynamism of the Brazilian agricultural sector occurred in activities developed in Brazil's South, Southeast and Midwest regions. Specifically, the Southeast region was responsible in 2006 for approximately 34% of the value of agricultural production according to data from the 2006 Agricultural Census. The aim of this study is to assess the recent situation of agriculture in the Southeast, based on data from the 2006 Agricultural Census. Based on this diagnosis, the study aims to identify constraints to agricultural development in the region and discuss measures that can contribute to the expansion of regional agricultural production with the generation of jobs and income for the population. Among these may be mentioned some measures: improvement in logistics infrastructure; social development of rural areas through mechanisms of generating income for family farmers; the agricultural research in the region needs to provide solutions for further development of farming, promotion of productive associations, among others.
Author: Alexandre Ywata de Carvalho
Author: Alexandre Ywata de Carvalho
Author: Eduardo C. Magalhaes
Author: Albert Fishlow
Author: Fabio Chaddad
Author: Emerson Marinho
Author: Carlos A. Arnade
Author: Eduardo Magalhaes, Xinshen Diao
Author: Antonio M. Buainain
Author: César Nunes de Castro
Author: Carlos A. Arnade