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Author: Robert Charles Ramkhalawansingh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
To derive the precise estimates of self-motion necessary to perform mobility-related tasks like walking and driving, humans integrate information about their movement from across their sensory systems (e.g. visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular). However, recent evidence suggests that the way in which multiple sensory inputs are integrated by the adult brain changes with age. The objective of this thesis was to consider, for the first time, whether age-related changes in multisensory integration are observed in the context of self-motion perception. Two research approaches were used. First, I used a simple, simulated driving task to provide visual cues to self-motion and to manipulate the availability of auditory and/or vestibular cues to self-motion (i.e., unisensory versus multisensory conditions). The results revealed that relative to younger adults, older adults generally demonstrate greater differences in performance between multisensory and unisensory conditions. However, the driving task could not disentangle the effects of age-related differences in real-world driving experience from age-related differences in sensory integrative mechanisms. Second, I used an established and highly controlled psychophysical heading perception task to evaluate whether, like younger adults, older adults integrate visual and vestibular cues to self-motion in a statistically optimal fashion. I considered conditions where each of the two cues was presented alone, in combination and congruent, or in combination but indicating conflicting heading angles. Results showed that while older adults did demonstrate optimal integration during congruent conditions, they were comparatively less tolerant to spatial conflicts between the visual and vestibular inputs. Overall, these results may have important implications for the way that older adults perform mobility-related tasks under various perceptual and environmental conditions.
Author: Robert Charles Ramkhalawansingh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
To derive the precise estimates of self-motion necessary to perform mobility-related tasks like walking and driving, humans integrate information about their movement from across their sensory systems (e.g. visual, auditory, proprioceptive, vestibular). However, recent evidence suggests that the way in which multiple sensory inputs are integrated by the adult brain changes with age. The objective of this thesis was to consider, for the first time, whether age-related changes in multisensory integration are observed in the context of self-motion perception. Two research approaches were used. First, I used a simple, simulated driving task to provide visual cues to self-motion and to manipulate the availability of auditory and/or vestibular cues to self-motion (i.e., unisensory versus multisensory conditions). The results revealed that relative to younger adults, older adults generally demonstrate greater differences in performance between multisensory and unisensory conditions. However, the driving task could not disentangle the effects of age-related differences in real-world driving experience from age-related differences in sensory integrative mechanisms. Second, I used an established and highly controlled psychophysical heading perception task to evaluate whether, like younger adults, older adults integrate visual and vestibular cues to self-motion in a statistically optimal fashion. I considered conditions where each of the two cues was presented alone, in combination and congruent, or in combination but indicating conflicting heading angles. Results showed that while older adults did demonstrate optimal integration during congruent conditions, they were comparatively less tolerant to spatial conflicts between the visual and vestibular inputs. Overall, these results may have important implications for the way that older adults perform mobility-related tasks under various perceptual and environmental conditions.
Author: Grace A. Gabriel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cognitive neuroscience Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Aging is associated with changes in how our brains combine sensory information when perceiving self-motion. Despite age-related changes in sensory integration, little is known about whether multisensory self-motion perception changes in older adults (OAs). Understanding such changes is important since OAs are particularly vulnerable to errors during self-motion, which can increase their risk of injury (e.g., when walking, driving). Vestibular cues are very important for self-motion perception, yet how vestibular perception changes with older age and age-related sensory declines is understudied. Therefore, in Chapter 2, I explored whether vestibular perceptual thresholds differ between healthy OAs (i.e., no sensory/cognitive decline) and younger adults (YAs), for two different motion types (heave and pitch). Thresholds were measured using two different perceptual tasks: 1) detection task, and 2) discrimination task. Postural stability was also assessed. OAs demonstrated higher (worse) detection thresholds than YAs for both motions. Larger postural sway in OAs was also associated with higher vestibular thresholds.Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is highly prevalent in OAs and is associated with increased falls risk. Therefore, using the same paradigm as Chapter 2, in Chapter 3 I evaluated whether higher vestibular perceptual thresholds are observed in individuals with ARHL than those with normal hearing. Here, OAs with ARHL showed higher pitch discrimination thresholds than those with normal hearing. Hearing loss in the low-frequency ranges also predicted worse pitch detection. Given that older age (Chapter 2) and ARHL (Chapter 3) were shown to predict poorer self-motion perception, in Chapter 4 I evaluated whether self-motion perception could be improved with training. Specifically, I trained OAs and YAs on a visual-vestibular heading-discrimination task. While OAs showed poorer overall precision than YAs, both groups showed improved precision post-training for the sensory condition with the lowest pre-training precision (visual-only). A sub-group of OAs who initially could not perform the visual heading task demonstrated greatly improved performance post-training. Collectively, I show that while healthy aging and common age-related sensory declines may be associated with poorer self-motion perception, training can potentially be used to improve these abilities. Together, these results may have implications for informing fall/collision prevention strategies.
Author: Angelo Maravita Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 2889190587 Category : Languages : en Pages : 131
Book Description
In recent years there has been a dramatic progress in understanding how stimuli from different sensory modalities are integrated among each other. Multisensory integration results in a unitary representation of the world that strongly characterizes perception and cognition in humans. Knowledge about multi sensory integration has research techniques and approaches, including neurophysiology, experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and computational modelling. This special issue aims at presenting an up-to-date integrative overview of the physiological, psychological, developmental, and functional processes associated with multisensory integration. The proposed collection of papers is organized thematically into sections, each featuring a state-of-the-art review of key themes in multisensory research, from more approaches in the animal, to the study of multisensory perception and cognition in humans. Specifically, this special issue will consider: The physiological mechanisms of multisensory processing in cortical and subcortical brain structures of model animal species, (rat, cat, and monkey); current biologically inspired computational modelling of multisensory integration; evidence about the multisensory contributions to perception in humans, as highlighted by psychophysical and neuropsychological evidence; the neural basis of multisensory processing in the human brain uncovered by recent neuroimaging techniques, including EEG, PET, fMRI; the consequences of the breakdown of normal sensory integration as shown by studies with techniques of brain stimulation in humans; developmental processes of multisensory perception in humans and the constrains for the emergence of multisensory processes in relation to sensory experience; the issue of crossmodal neuroplasticity concerning behavioral and neural changes following sensory deprivation. The challenge of this Research Topic is to provide an interdisciplinary context allowing to understand the basic principles of multisensory integration in humans and the key issues that this fascinating field of study rises for future research.
Author: Micah M. Murray Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439812179 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 800
Book Description
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Author: Günther Knoblich Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780195178371 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
As the general notion of cognition has recently broadened to include its embodied nature, researchers' accounts of perception have increasingly come to include the body's special status as a window on the world and to accommodate the specific perceptual requirements for identifying, interpreting, and interacting with other bodies. This volume presents a comprehensive overview of the rapid progress that has been made in understanding the human body and its relationship to perception. It will help to unify the relevant research from several independent areas of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience and facilitate the development of an integrated framework for the study of human-body perception.
Author: Andrew J. Bremner Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199586055 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 393
Book Description
We perceive and understand our environment using many sensory systems-vision, touch, hearing, taste, smell, and proprioception. These multiple sensory modalities give us complementary sources of information about the environment. This book explores how we develop the ability to integrate our senses.
Author: Robert Charles Ramkhalawansingh
Author: Robert Charles Ramkhalawansingh
Author: Grace A. Gabriel
Author: Jeannette R. Mahoney
Author: Angelo Maravita
Author: Micah M. Murray
Author: 
Author: Günther Knoblich
Author: Christopher Robert Fetsch
Author: Rik Warren
Author: Andrew J. Bremner