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Author: Brian Shellum Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 1612349552 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
"The story of seventeen African American officers who trained, reorganized, and commanded the Liberian Frontier Force to defend Liberia between 1910 and 1942"--
Author: Brian Shellum Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 1612349552 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
"The story of seventeen African American officers who trained, reorganized, and commanded the Liberian Frontier Force to defend Liberia between 1910 and 1942"--
Author: Brian G. Shellum Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 1640120637 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
African American Officers in Liberia tells the story of seventeen African American officers who trained, reorganized, and commanded the Liberian Frontier Force from 1910 to 1942. In this West African country founded by freed black American slaves, African American officers performed their duties as instruments of imperialism for a country that was, at best, ambivalent about having them serve under arms at home and abroad. The United States extended its newfound imperial reach and policy of "Dollar Diplomacy" to Liberia, a country it considered a U.S. protectorate. Brian G. Shellum explores U.S. foreign policy toward Liberia and the African American diaspora, while detailing the African American military experience in the first half of the twentieth century. Shellum brings to life the story of the African American officers who carried out a dangerous mission in Liberia for an American government that did not treat them as equal citizens in their homeland, and he provides recognition for their critical role in preserving the independence of Liberia.
Author: Kathleen Elizabeth Alfin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation examines the deployment of a predominantly African American army force to Liberia during the Second World War. It specifically analyzes how the racial make-up of US Army Forces in Liberia (USAFIL) collided with the unique socio-racial landscape of the historic Black republic to unsettle contemporary norms and hierarchies in the army unit and country. This clash created what USAFIL's white leadership called "an exceptional situation." Using the notion of "exceptionalism" as a heuristic, this dissertation demonstrates how competing imperial logics of race, as well as gender and sexuality, shaped interactions between Black and white American soldiers (commonly referred to as "GIs") and Liberian men and women during the war. It particularly examines how these interactions affected GIs' cultural constructions of Liberia and Liberians, segregation and racial violence within the US Army force, the training and employment of Liberian men by USAFIL, sexual liaisons between GIs and women in Liberia, and US Army policies to control these. This dissertation ultimately does two things. First, it argues that the "exceptional situation" identified by USAFIL's white minority was in fact the unique challenges the deployment of the Black US Army force to the Black republic posed to white supremacy. This rendered the traditional logics and mechanisms used to manage American soldiers-African American soldiers specifically-and their interactions with local civilians untenable. This necessitated "exceptional measures" on the part of USAFIL's white minority to not only control Black GIs, but uphold their white military authority in the Black US Army force in the Black-governed country. Second, it illuminates the different impulses at odds for African American soldiers and officers in Liberia during the world war. While they perceived their wartime military service in the historic Black republic as integral to the global fight against racial oppression and fostering a broader Black transnationalism, many came to evince a condescension toward Liberians that resembled the very racism they resented in the US Army and United States more generally. These Black American troops did not adopt white American imperialism wholesale though. Rather, they developed a unique logic of Black kinship without equality driven by their desires to achieve racial equality within their own formation and society.
Author: Hanes Walton Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 9780739103449 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Liberian Politics tells the fascinating story of Liberia's early nation-building efforts, its attempts to establish democracy, and the pivotal role played by African Americans in exporting the American democratic experiment to Liberia. The story of the rise of Africa's oldest democracy is told through the writings of J. Milton Turner, an African American diplomat who served in Liberia from 1871 to 1878. Turner's official diplomatic correspondence--superbly organized and edited by Walton, Rosser, and Stevenson--document Liberia's struggle to define its political institutions and processes. They chart Liberia's struggle to establish its relationship with the wider world and offer an intimate portrait of Turner's role as the agent of U.S. foreign policy in Liberia. A comparative study in the best tradition of Tocqueville and Myrdal, this pathbreaking work reveals the global dimensions of nineteenth-century African American politics and offers rich insight into the direction of early U.S. diplomacy in Africa.
Author: Brian G. Shellum Publisher: U of Nebraska Press ISBN: 0803268033 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
An unheralded military hero, Charles Young (1864–1922) was the third black graduate of West Point, the first African American national park superintendent, the first black U.S. military attaché, the first African American officer to command a Regular Army regiment, and the highest-ranking black officer in the Regular Army until his death. Black Officer in a Buffalo Soldier Regiment tells the story of the man who—willingly or not—served as a standard-bearer for his race in the officer corps for nearly thirty years, and who, if not for racial prejudice, would have become the first African American general. Brian G. Shellum describes how, during his remarkable army career, Young was shuffled among the few assignments deemed suitable for a black officer in a white man’s army—the Buffalo Soldier regiments, an African American college, and diplomatic posts in black republics such as Liberia. Nonetheless, he used his experience to establish himself as an exceptional cavalry officer. He was a colonel on the eve of the United States’ entry into World War I, when serious medical problems and racial intolerance denied him command and ended his career. Shellum’s book seeks to restore a hero to the ranks of military history; at the same time, it informs our understanding of the role of race in the history of the American military.
Author: Opande, Daniel Publisher: East African Educational Publishers ISBN: 9966564314 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
Lieutenant General Daniel Opande, in his autobiography In Pursuit of Peace in Africa, shares his experiences in childhood, education, family and military career until his retirement. He wore many hats: soldier, military leader, peacemaker, humanitarian, peace ambassador and mediator. Notable highlights include his role in Kenya’s Shifta Campaign of the 1960s and engaging with rebels during peace operations he led in Namibia, Mozambique, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. In retirement, General Opande has occasionally mediated conflicts; among them the 2007, 2008, 2013 and 2017 election crises in Kenya and the aftermath of the 2015 upheavals in South Sudan. This book is a rich inspirational resource for aspiring leaders.
Author: Antonio McDaniel Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226557243 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
In the early nineteenth century, thousands of emancipated and freeborn blacks from the United States returned to Africa to colonize the area now known as Liberia. In this, the first systematic study of the demographic impact of this move on the migrants, Antonio McDaniel finds that the health of migrant populations depends on the adaptability of the individuals in the group, not on their race. McDaniel compares the mortality rates of the emigrants to those of other migrants to tropical areas. He finds that, contrary to popular belief, black immigrants during this period died at unprecedented rates. Moreover, he shows that though the emigrant's mortality levels were exceptionally high, their mortality patterns were consistent with those of other populations. McDaniel concludes that the greater the variance between the environment left and the environment entered, the higher the probability of contracting a new disease, and, in some cases, of death from these diseases. Additionally, a migrant's health can be affected by dietary changes, differences in local pathogens, inappropriate immunities, and increased risk of accidents due to unfamiliar surroundings.
Author: Mary L. Murphy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sex Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
After the United States entered World War II, one of the first troops sent overseas, Troop #5889, arrived in Liberia in June 1942. It was primarily tasked with guarding the Firestone Rubber plantation, one of the Allies only sources of rubber, and managing Roberts Field, a major aviation hub for lend-lease operations into Africa and the Middle East. The task force consisted of a predominately African American infantry, less than one hundred European American officers, and a few African American medical officers, including the first group of African American nurses sent overseas during WWII. Within a couple of months, the venereal disease rate of the soldiers skyrocketed to one of the highest in the army. In order to combat venereal infections, the army rationalized the industrialization of Liberian sex work based on exported ideologies about race, ethnicity, class, and gender fostered in the United States under the intersectional forces of colonialism, eugenics, and militarization. This thesis is an intersectional study of the forces that permitted the army to industrialize a segregated system of sex work unparalleled in United States history. It explains eugenics and militarization in the United States as a means to reduce venereal disease among troops, and how social hygienists influenced the army's ideologies regarding race, ethnicity, class, and gender. It analyzes Liberia as a de facto colony of the United States which justified the army's colonization and militarization of Liberian women. It contends that industrialized sex work did not necessarily victimize the women, but instead provided them with economic opportunities unavailable prior to the troop's arrival. It examines how colonization intersected with militarization and eugenics to allow the African American nurses to overlook or accept the appropriation of Liberian women's sexual labor to appease United States soldiers. Lastly, it explores the ramifications of the army's industrialization of segregated sex work that disrupted the social hierarchy by privileging African American soldiers sexual access and denying European American officers access to sexual services to which they felt entitled.
Author: Brian Shellum
Author: Brian Shellum
Author: Brian G. Shellum
Author: Kathleen Elizabeth Alfin
Author: Hanes Walton
Author: Brian G. Shellum
Author: Caree A. Banton
Author: Opande, Daniel
Author: Antonio McDaniel
Author: James G. Antal
Author: Mary L. Murphy