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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This project was successful in demonstrating the feasibility of a step change in residential clothes dryer energy efficiency by demonstrating heat pump technology capable of 50% energy savings over conventional standard-size electric dryers with comparable drying times. A prototype system was designed from off-the-shelf components that can meet the project's efficiency goals and are affordable. An experimental prototype system was built based on the design that reached 50% energy savings. Improvements have been identified that will reduce drying times of over 60 minutes to reach the goal of 40 minutes. Nevertheless, the prototype represents a step change in efficiency over heat pump dryers recently introduced to the U.S. market, with 30% improvement in energy efficiency at comparable drying times.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This project was successful in demonstrating the feasibility of a step change in residential clothes dryer energy efficiency by demonstrating heat pump technology capable of 50% energy savings over conventional standard-size electric dryers with comparable drying times. A prototype system was designed from off-the-shelf components that can meet the project's efficiency goals and are affordable. An experimental prototype system was built based on the design that reached 50% energy savings. Improvements have been identified that will reduce drying times of over 60 minutes to reach the goal of 40 minutes. Nevertheless, the prototype represents a step change in efficiency over heat pump dryers recently introduced to the U.S. market, with 30% improvement in energy efficiency at comparable drying times.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Heat pump clothes dryers (HPCDs) can be as much as 50percent more energy-efficient than conventional electric resistance clothes dryers, and therefore have the potential to save substantial amounts of electricity. While not currently available in the U.S., there are manufacturers in Europe and Japan that produce units for those markets. Drawing on analysis conducted for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) current rulemaking on amended standards for clothes dryers, this paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of HPCDs in American homes, as well as the national impact analysis for different market share scenarios. In order to get an accurate measurement of real energy savings potential, the paper offers a new energy use calculation methodology that takes into account the most current data on clothes washer cycles, clothes dryer usage frequency, remaining moisture content, and load weight per cycle, which is very different from current test procedure values. Using the above methodology along with product cost estimates developed by DOE, the paper presents the results of a life-cycle cost analysis of the adoption of HPCDs in a representative sample of American homes. The results show that HPCDs have positive economic benefits only for households with high clothes dryer usage or for households with high electricity prices and moderately high utilization.
Author: Peter Pescatore Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This program covered the development of two separate products; an electric heat pump clothes dryer and a modulating gas dryer. These development efforts were independent of one another and are presented in this report in two separate volumes. Volume 1 details the Heat Pump Dryer Development while Volume 2 details the Modulating Gas Dryer Development. In both product development efforts, the intent was to develop high efficiency, high performance designs that would be attractive to US consumers. Working with Whirlpool Corporation as our commercial partner, TIAX applied this approach of satisfying consumer needs throughout the Product Development Process for both dryer designs. Heat pump clothes dryers have been in existence for years, especially in Europe, but have not been able to penetrate the market. This has been especially true in the US market where no volume production heat pump dryers are available. The issue has typically been around two key areas: cost and performance. Cost is a given in that a heat pump clothes dryer has numerous additional components associated with it. While heat pump dryers have been able to achieve significant energy savings compared to standard electric resistance dryers (over 50% in some cases), designs to date have been hampered by excessively long dry times, a major market driver in the US. The development work done on the heat pump dryer over the course of this program led to a demonstration dryer that delivered the following performance characteristics: (1) 40-50% energy savings on large loads with 35 F lower fabric temperatures and similar dry times; (2) 10-30 F reduction in fabric temperature for delicate loads with up to 50% energy savings and 30-40% time savings; (3) Improved fabric temperature uniformity; and (4) Robust performance across a range of vent restrictions. For the gas dryer development, the concept developed was one of modulating the gas flow to the dryer throughout the dry cycle. Through heat modulation in a gas dryer, significant time and energy savings, combined with dramatically reduced fabric temperatures, was achieved in a cost-effective manner. The key design factor lay in developing a system that matches the heat input to the dryer with the fabrics ability to absorb it. The development work done on the modulating gas dryer over the course of this program led to a demonstration dryer that delivered the following performance characteristics: (1) Up to 25% reduction in energy consumption for small and medium loads; (2) Up to 35% time savings for large loads with 10-15% energy reduction and no adverse effect on cloth temperatures; (3) Reduced fabric temperatures, dry times and 18% energy reduction for delicate loads; and, (4) Robust performance across a range of vent restrictions.
Author: Vasile Minea Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498735002 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
Drying of solids is one of the most common, complex, and energy-intensive industrial processes. Conventional dryers offer limited opportunities to increase energy efficiency. Heat pump dryers are more energy and cost effective, as they can recycle drying thermal energy and reduce CO2, particulate, and VOC emissions due to drying. This book provides an introduction to the technology and current best practices and aims to increase the successful industrial implementation of heat pump- assisted dryers. It enables the reader to engage confidently with the technology and provides a wealth of information on theories, current practices, and future directions of the technology. It emphasizes several new design concepts and operating and control strategies, which can be applied to improve the economic and environmental efficiency of the drying process. It answers questions about risks, advantages vs. disadvantages, and impediments and offers solutions to current problems. Discusses heat pump technology in general and its present and future challenges. Describes interesting and promising innovations in drying food, agricultural, and wood products with various heat pump technologies. Treats several technical aspects, from modeling and simulation of drying processes to industrial applications. Emphasizes new design concepts and operating and control strategies to improve the efficiency of the drying process.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Clothes dryers Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
"Heat pump clothes dryers are significantly more energy efficient than conventional (ENERGY STAR®) electric resistance clothes dryers. The goal of this project was to determine whether heat pump clothes dryers offer non-energy benefits—specifically, reduced clothing wear and tear—that could help consumer adoption. Multiple machine types ran over 100 dryer cycles, using loads specifically chosen to reflect a variety of fabric and fiber types. This project did not conclusively find that heat pump clothes dryers cause less wear than conventional dryers. However, the project was able to show that they do not cause more wear than conventional ENERGY STAR dryers. This project was a co-funded effort lead by Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance with Pacific Gas and Electric. Over drying is a common occurrence in clothes dryers which are not ENERGY STAR certified and that do not have good automatic termination controls. This report contains an addendum to the Clothing Wear and Tear of Heat Pump vs. Electric Resistance Clothes Dryers study that investigated relative wear impact of heat pump clothes dryers compared to ENERGY STAR dryers. In this project additional cycles tested whether over drying from a conventional dryer caused additional clothing wear. The cycles were set to replicate the equivalent over drying that would occur in a dryer which is not ENERGY STAR certified over the course of 1-2 years. The project did not find statistically significant incremental damage to clothing from moderate over drying."--Publisher's description (viewed March 28, 2017).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Clothes dryers Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Over drying is a common occurrence in clothes dryers which are not ENERGY STAR certified and that do not have good automatic termination controls. This report contains an addendum to the Clothing Wear and Tear of Heat Pump vs. Electric Resistance Clothes Dryers study that investigated relative wear impact of heat pump clothes dryers compared to ENERGY STAR dryers. In this project additional cycles tested whether over drying from a conventional dryer caused additional clothing wear. The cycles were set to replicate the equivalent over drying that would occur in a dryer which is not ENERGY STAR certified over the course of 1-2 years. The project did not find statistically significant incremental damage to clothing from moderate over drying"--Publisher's description (viewed March 30, 2017).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
A heat pump clothes dryer offers the potential to save a significant amount of energy as compared with conventional vented electric dryers. Although heat pump clothes dryers (HPCD) offer higher energy efficiency; it has been observed that they are prone to air leakages, which inhibits the HPCD's gain in efficiency. This study serves to develop a novel method of quantifying leakage, and to determine specific leakage locations in the dryer drum and air circulation system. The basis of this method is the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard E779 10, which is used to determine air leakage area in a household ventilation system through fan pressurization. This ASTM method is adapted to the dryer system, and the leakage area is determined by an analysis of the leakage volumetric flow - pressure relationship. Easily accessible leakage points were quantified: the front and back crease (in the dryer drum), the leakage in the dryer duct, the air filter, and the remaining leakage in the drum. The procedure allows investigators to determine major components contributing to leakage in HPCDs, thus improving component design features that result in more efficient HPCD systems.
Author: Vasile Minea Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 104002632X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
Heat Recovery with Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial Heat Pumps presents the basic concepts and thermodynamic behavior of mechanical vapor compression and recompression. It covers both ammonia water absorption and compression/resorption heat pumps. Including theoretical and practical approaches, the book features numerous solved exercises based on real thermodynamic and climatic parameters and case studies with takeaways from on-site experiences to help the reader better identify the advantages and limitations of each heat pumping technology. The book discusses future implementations of heat recovery heat pump technologies that are among the most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly techniques. This book will interest graduate students studying HVAC, thermal systems, and heat pumps. It will also benefit professionals working with heat pumps, industrial process engineers, manufacturers, and research and design personnel.
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Author: Peter Pescatore
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Author: Vasile Minea