Author: Peter Drucker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351533762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 483
Book Description
Peter Drucker's lively and thoughtful memoirs are now available in paperback with a new introduction by the author. He writes with wit and spirit about people he has encountered in a long and varied life, including Sigmund Freud, Henry Luce, Alfred Sloan, John L. Lewis, and Marshall McLuhan. After beginning with his childhood in Vienna during and after World War I, Drucker moves on to Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, describing the imminent doom posed by Hitler and the Nazis. He then goes on to describe London during the 1930s, America during the New Deal era, the World War II years, and beyond. According to John Brooks of The New York Times Book Review, "Peter Drucker is at a corner cafe, delightfully regaling anyone who will listen with tales of what must be one of the more varied—and for a practitioner of such a narrow skill as that of management counseling, astonishing—of contemporary professional lives." Dorothy Rabinowitz of the Washington Post writes, "The famous are here as well as the infamous.... All are the beneficiaries, for better or for worse, of Drucker's unerring eye for psychological detail, his remorseless curiosity, and his imaginative sympathy.... Drucker's book appears in a stroke to have restored the art of the memoir and of the essay." Adventures of a Bystander reflects Drucker's vitality, infinite curiosity, and interest in people, ideas, and the forces behind them. His book is a personal and informal account of the rich life of an independent man of letters, a life that spans eight decades and two continents. It will be of interest to scholars and professionals in the business world, historians, sociologists, and admirers of Peter Drucker.
Adventures of a Bystander
Author: Peter Drucker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351533762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 483
Book Description
Peter Drucker's lively and thoughtful memoirs are now available in paperback with a new introduction by the author. He writes with wit and spirit about people he has encountered in a long and varied life, including Sigmund Freud, Henry Luce, Alfred Sloan, John L. Lewis, and Marshall McLuhan. After beginning with his childhood in Vienna during and after World War I, Drucker moves on to Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, describing the imminent doom posed by Hitler and the Nazis. He then goes on to describe London during the 1930s, America during the New Deal era, the World War II years, and beyond. According to John Brooks of The New York Times Book Review, "Peter Drucker is at a corner cafe, delightfully regaling anyone who will listen with tales of what must be one of the more varied—and for a practitioner of such a narrow skill as that of management counseling, astonishing—of contemporary professional lives." Dorothy Rabinowitz of the Washington Post writes, "The famous are here as well as the infamous.... All are the beneficiaries, for better or for worse, of Drucker's unerring eye for psychological detail, his remorseless curiosity, and his imaginative sympathy.... Drucker's book appears in a stroke to have restored the art of the memoir and of the essay." Adventures of a Bystander reflects Drucker's vitality, infinite curiosity, and interest in people, ideas, and the forces behind them. His book is a personal and informal account of the rich life of an independent man of letters, a life that spans eight decades and two continents. It will be of interest to scholars and professionals in the business world, historians, sociologists, and admirers of Peter Drucker.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351533762
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 483
Book Description
Peter Drucker's lively and thoughtful memoirs are now available in paperback with a new introduction by the author. He writes with wit and spirit about people he has encountered in a long and varied life, including Sigmund Freud, Henry Luce, Alfred Sloan, John L. Lewis, and Marshall McLuhan. After beginning with his childhood in Vienna during and after World War I, Drucker moves on to Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, describing the imminent doom posed by Hitler and the Nazis. He then goes on to describe London during the 1930s, America during the New Deal era, the World War II years, and beyond. According to John Brooks of The New York Times Book Review, "Peter Drucker is at a corner cafe, delightfully regaling anyone who will listen with tales of what must be one of the more varied—and for a practitioner of such a narrow skill as that of management counseling, astonishing—of contemporary professional lives." Dorothy Rabinowitz of the Washington Post writes, "The famous are here as well as the infamous.... All are the beneficiaries, for better or for worse, of Drucker's unerring eye for psychological detail, his remorseless curiosity, and his imaginative sympathy.... Drucker's book appears in a stroke to have restored the art of the memoir and of the essay." Adventures of a Bystander reflects Drucker's vitality, infinite curiosity, and interest in people, ideas, and the forces behind them. His book is a personal and informal account of the rich life of an independent man of letters, a life that spans eight decades and two continents. It will be of interest to scholars and professionals in the business world, historians, sociologists, and admirers of Peter Drucker.
Adventures of a Bystander
Author: Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471247395
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 364
Book Description
"It is [a] belief in diversity and pluralism and the uniqueness of each person that underlies all my writings . . . " -from the Preface. Regarded as the most influential and widely read thinker on modern organizations and their management, Peter Drucker has also established himself as an unorthodox and independent analyst of politics, the economy, and society. A man of impressive scope and expertise, he has paved significant inroads in a number of key areas, sharing his knowledge and keen insight on everything from the plight of the employee and the effects of technology to the vicissitudes of the markets and the future of the new world order. Adventures of a Bystander is Drucker's rich collection of autobiographical stories and vignettes, in which this legendary figure paints a portrait of his remarkable life, and of the larger historical realities of his time. In a style that is both unique and engaging, Drucker conveys his life story -from his early teen years in Vienna through the interwar years in Europe, the New Deal era, World War II, and the postwar period in America-through intimate profiles of a host of fascinating people he's known through the years. Their personal histories are, as Drucker tells us, the beads for which his own life serves as the string. A colorful group, these diverse, often unpredictable, always multidimensional individuals were chosen "because each of them, in his or her own highly personal way, reflects and refracts the thirty crucial years from the end of World War I to the first post-World War II decade-the thirty years that largely formed the world in which we now live." An amazing pageant of characters, both famous and otherwise, springs from these pages, illuminating and defining one of the most tumultuous periods in world history. Along with bankers and courtesans, artists, aristocrats, prophets, and empire-builders, we meet members of Drucker's own family and close circle of friends, among them such prominent figures as Sigmund Freud, Henry Luce, Alfred Sloan, John Lewis, and Buckminster Fuller. Playing to perfection their roles as those who "reflect and refract" the customs, beliefs, and attitudes of the times, these singular personalities lend Adventures of a Bystander a striking "you-are-there" feel. A brief encounter with Freud becomes the catalyst for an absorbing, multidimensional description of the economics, politics, and social psychology of pre-World War II Europe. Drucker introduces us to Fritz Kraemer, a brilliant, monocle-wearing eccentric who became an influential mentor to the young Henry Kissinger. His personal memoir of Henry Luce documents the development of modern journalism, while in "The Indian Summer of Innocence," he rescues and preserves the very heart of the American experience during the last New Deal years before World War II. Shedding light on a turbulent and important era, Adventures of a Bystander also reflects Peter Drucker himself as a man of imaginative sympathy and enormous interest in people, ideas, and history. These enthralling stories complement and complete the groundbreaking analytical writing for which he is so revered. Luminous autobiographical stories by one of the greatest thinkers of our time "The cast of characters among whom Drucker moves is superbly rich, and the informed glimpse he provides of a vanished social and political universe is an education in itself. Adventures of a Bystander is better than a novel, more lively than an essay, and as thoughtful as both at their best." -The Harvard Business Review. "Adventures of a Bystander is a virtuoso performance in which Drucker displays a dazzling diversity of personal interests and knowledge, an awesome power of recall, and a crisp, highly readable writing style." -BusinessWeek. "Adventures of a Bystander appears in a stroke to have restored the art of the memoir and of the essay. It will doubtless be a while before its like comes round again." -The Washington Post.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471247395
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 364
Book Description
"It is [a] belief in diversity and pluralism and the uniqueness of each person that underlies all my writings . . . " -from the Preface. Regarded as the most influential and widely read thinker on modern organizations and their management, Peter Drucker has also established himself as an unorthodox and independent analyst of politics, the economy, and society. A man of impressive scope and expertise, he has paved significant inroads in a number of key areas, sharing his knowledge and keen insight on everything from the plight of the employee and the effects of technology to the vicissitudes of the markets and the future of the new world order. Adventures of a Bystander is Drucker's rich collection of autobiographical stories and vignettes, in which this legendary figure paints a portrait of his remarkable life, and of the larger historical realities of his time. In a style that is both unique and engaging, Drucker conveys his life story -from his early teen years in Vienna through the interwar years in Europe, the New Deal era, World War II, and the postwar period in America-through intimate profiles of a host of fascinating people he's known through the years. Their personal histories are, as Drucker tells us, the beads for which his own life serves as the string. A colorful group, these diverse, often unpredictable, always multidimensional individuals were chosen "because each of them, in his or her own highly personal way, reflects and refracts the thirty crucial years from the end of World War I to the first post-World War II decade-the thirty years that largely formed the world in which we now live." An amazing pageant of characters, both famous and otherwise, springs from these pages, illuminating and defining one of the most tumultuous periods in world history. Along with bankers and courtesans, artists, aristocrats, prophets, and empire-builders, we meet members of Drucker's own family and close circle of friends, among them such prominent figures as Sigmund Freud, Henry Luce, Alfred Sloan, John Lewis, and Buckminster Fuller. Playing to perfection their roles as those who "reflect and refract" the customs, beliefs, and attitudes of the times, these singular personalities lend Adventures of a Bystander a striking "you-are-there" feel. A brief encounter with Freud becomes the catalyst for an absorbing, multidimensional description of the economics, politics, and social psychology of pre-World War II Europe. Drucker introduces us to Fritz Kraemer, a brilliant, monocle-wearing eccentric who became an influential mentor to the young Henry Kissinger. His personal memoir of Henry Luce documents the development of modern journalism, while in "The Indian Summer of Innocence," he rescues and preserves the very heart of the American experience during the last New Deal years before World War II. Shedding light on a turbulent and important era, Adventures of a Bystander also reflects Peter Drucker himself as a man of imaginative sympathy and enormous interest in people, ideas, and history. These enthralling stories complement and complete the groundbreaking analytical writing for which he is so revered. Luminous autobiographical stories by one of the greatest thinkers of our time "The cast of characters among whom Drucker moves is superbly rich, and the informed glimpse he provides of a vanished social and political universe is an education in itself. Adventures of a Bystander is better than a novel, more lively than an essay, and as thoughtful as both at their best." -The Harvard Business Review. "Adventures of a Bystander is a virtuoso performance in which Drucker displays a dazzling diversity of personal interests and knowledge, an awesome power of recall, and a crisp, highly readable writing style." -BusinessWeek. "Adventures of a Bystander appears in a stroke to have restored the art of the memoir and of the essay. It will doubtless be a while before its like comes round again." -The Washington Post.
Managing for Results
Author: Peter F. Drucker
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483105784
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Book Description
Managing for Results: Economic Tasks and Risk-taking Decisions is a guidebook for those in management position. The book is comprised of 14 chapters that are organized into three parts. The first part talks about understanding the business; this part covers business realities, revenues, resources, and prospects. Part II discusses the opportunities and needs in economic dimensions of a business. Part III covers the key decision, business strategies, and building up economic performance. The book will be useful to managers, entrepreneurs, and individuals who are exposed to a decision-making situation that has an economic implication.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483105784
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Book Description
Managing for Results: Economic Tasks and Risk-taking Decisions is a guidebook for those in management position. The book is comprised of 14 chapters that are organized into three parts. The first part talks about understanding the business; this part covers business realities, revenues, resources, and prospects. Part II discusses the opportunities and needs in economic dimensions of a business. Part III covers the key decision, business strategies, and building up economic performance. The book will be useful to managers, entrepreneurs, and individuals who are exposed to a decision-making situation that has an economic implication.
Managing in Turbulent Times
Author: Peter Drucker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136009140
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
Managing in Turbulent Times tackles the key issues facing managers in the 1990s: how to manage in rapidly changing environments. This seminal and prophetic book laid the foundation for a generation of writers on change management. This book concerns the immediate future of business, society and the economy. The one certainty about the times ahead, says Drucker, is that they will be turbulent times. In turbulent times the first task of management is to make sure of the organizations capacity for survival, to make sure of its structural strength and soundness, its capacity to survive a blow, to adapt to sudden change and to avail itself of new opportunities. The author is concerned with action rather than understanding, with decisions rather than analysis. It aims at being a practical book for the decision maker, whether in the private or the public sector.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136009140
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
Managing in Turbulent Times tackles the key issues facing managers in the 1990s: how to manage in rapidly changing environments. This seminal and prophetic book laid the foundation for a generation of writers on change management. This book concerns the immediate future of business, society and the economy. The one certainty about the times ahead, says Drucker, is that they will be turbulent times. In turbulent times the first task of management is to make sure of the organizations capacity for survival, to make sure of its structural strength and soundness, its capacity to survive a blow, to adapt to sudden change and to avail itself of new opportunities. The author is concerned with action rather than understanding, with decisions rather than analysis. It aims at being a practical book for the decision maker, whether in the private or the public sector.
Post-Capitalist Society
Author: Peter F. Drucker
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483163636
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 213
Book Description
Post-Capitalist Society provides an analysis of the transformation of the world into a post-capitalist society. This transformation, which will not be completed until 2010 or 2020, has already changed the political, economic, social, and moral landscape of the world. The book reviews and revises the social, economic, and political history of the Age of Capitalism and of the nation state. It argues that the real and controlling resource and the absolutely decisive 'factor of production' is neither capital, nor land, nor labor. It is knowledge. Instead of capitalists and proletarians, the classes of the post-capitalist society are knowledge workers and service workers. This book covers a wide range of topics, dealing with post-capitalist society; with post-capitalist polity; and with new challenges to knowledge itself. The focus is on the developed countries—on Europe, on the United States and Canada, on Japan and the newly developed countries on the mainland of Asia, rather than on the developing countries of the Third World. The areas of discussion—Society, Polity, and Knowledge—are arrayed in order of predictability.
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483163636
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 213
Book Description
Post-Capitalist Society provides an analysis of the transformation of the world into a post-capitalist society. This transformation, which will not be completed until 2010 or 2020, has already changed the political, economic, social, and moral landscape of the world. The book reviews and revises the social, economic, and political history of the Age of Capitalism and of the nation state. It argues that the real and controlling resource and the absolutely decisive 'factor of production' is neither capital, nor land, nor labor. It is knowledge. Instead of capitalists and proletarians, the classes of the post-capitalist society are knowledge workers and service workers. This book covers a wide range of topics, dealing with post-capitalist society; with post-capitalist polity; and with new challenges to knowledge itself. The focus is on the developed countries—on Europe, on the United States and Canada, on Japan and the newly developed countries on the mainland of Asia, rather than on the developing countries of the Third World. The areas of discussion—Society, Polity, and Knowledge—are arrayed in order of predictability.
Drucker: A Life in Pictures
Author: Rick Wartzman
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071763082
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
A Photographic Celebration of the Life and Work of the Legendary Peter Drucker Born on November 19, 1909, Peter Drucker grew up in Austria and moved to Germany at the age of seventeen. When the Nazis rose to power in 1933, they burned and banned some of Drucker's earliest writings, and he fled the country. As Drucker witnessed the institutions of his nation fall apart one by one, he concluded that "performing responsible management is the alternative to tyranny." In 1937, Drucker and his wife immigrated to the United States--and the practice of management has never been the same. Drucker: A Life in Pictures celebrates the life and work of "the man who invented management," as Drucker was known. He was a prolific writer, a passionate teacher, and a brilliant adviser who influenced how organizations are run perhaps more than any single figure of the twentieth century. Drucker was also a loving husband and father, a loyal friend, and a passionate baseball fan. Drawn from the Drucker Archives, a part of the Drucker Institute at Claremont Graduate University, this trove of photos captures Drucker in all facets of his life--as an immigrant fleeing Hitler's Germany, a bestselling author, a beloved professor, and a consultant to major corporations, nonprofits, and government agencies. The images include Drucker's doctoral dissertation on international law; a handwritten note from General Electric's Jack Welch; a high honor bestowed upon Drucker by the Emperor of Japan; Drucker's typewriter; his walking stick and record collection; and the file the FBI kept on Drucker--along with other stunning photographs of his manuscripts, awards, personal letters, and other ephemera. The book is framed by extensive captions written by Drucker expert Rick Wartzman, and also includes excerpts of interviews with Drucker himself. All told, this handsome, unique photo history shines a spotlight on the many sides of one of the twentieth century's most influential figures. Drawn from the vast collection at the Drucker Archives, a part of the Drucker Institute at Claremont Graduate University, Drucker: A Life in Pictures features almost 100 photographs of Peter Drucker's correspondence, manuscripts, awards, personal items, and other ephemera. Much of it has never been seen before by the public. Each picture provides a glimpse into Drucker's long, fascinating, and hugely influential life, with every image placed into context through extensive captions written by Rick Wartzman, the Drucker Institute's executive director. Interlaced through the book are excerpts from various interviews that Drucker gave over the years. Drucker: A Life in Pictures is a fitting tribute to one of the most important minds of the twentieth century.
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071763082
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
A Photographic Celebration of the Life and Work of the Legendary Peter Drucker Born on November 19, 1909, Peter Drucker grew up in Austria and moved to Germany at the age of seventeen. When the Nazis rose to power in 1933, they burned and banned some of Drucker's earliest writings, and he fled the country. As Drucker witnessed the institutions of his nation fall apart one by one, he concluded that "performing responsible management is the alternative to tyranny." In 1937, Drucker and his wife immigrated to the United States--and the practice of management has never been the same. Drucker: A Life in Pictures celebrates the life and work of "the man who invented management," as Drucker was known. He was a prolific writer, a passionate teacher, and a brilliant adviser who influenced how organizations are run perhaps more than any single figure of the twentieth century. Drucker was also a loving husband and father, a loyal friend, and a passionate baseball fan. Drawn from the Drucker Archives, a part of the Drucker Institute at Claremont Graduate University, this trove of photos captures Drucker in all facets of his life--as an immigrant fleeing Hitler's Germany, a bestselling author, a beloved professor, and a consultant to major corporations, nonprofits, and government agencies. The images include Drucker's doctoral dissertation on international law; a handwritten note from General Electric's Jack Welch; a high honor bestowed upon Drucker by the Emperor of Japan; Drucker's typewriter; his walking stick and record collection; and the file the FBI kept on Drucker--along with other stunning photographs of his manuscripts, awards, personal letters, and other ephemera. The book is framed by extensive captions written by Drucker expert Rick Wartzman, and also includes excerpts of interviews with Drucker himself. All told, this handsome, unique photo history shines a spotlight on the many sides of one of the twentieth century's most influential figures. Drawn from the vast collection at the Drucker Archives, a part of the Drucker Institute at Claremont Graduate University, Drucker: A Life in Pictures features almost 100 photographs of Peter Drucker's correspondence, manuscripts, awards, personal items, and other ephemera. Much of it has never been seen before by the public. Each picture provides a glimpse into Drucker's long, fascinating, and hugely influential life, with every image placed into context through extensive captions written by Rick Wartzman, the Drucker Institute's executive director. Interlaced through the book are excerpts from various interviews that Drucker gave over the years. Drucker: A Life in Pictures is a fitting tribute to one of the most important minds of the twentieth century.
Bystander
Author: James Preller
Publisher: Feiwel & Friends
ISBN: 1429954965
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
Eric is the new kid in seventh grade. Griffin wants to be his friend. When you're new in town, it's hard to know who to hang out with—and who to avoid. Griffin seems cool, confident, and popular. But something isn't right about Griffin. He always seems to be in the middle of bad things. And if Griffin doesn't like you, you'd better watch your back. There might be a target on it. As Eric gets drawn deeper into Griffin's dark world, he begins to see the truth about Griffin: he's a liar, a bully, a thief. Eric wants to break away, do the right thing. But in one shocking moment, he goes from being a bystander . . . to the bully's next victim. This title has Common Core connections.
Publisher: Feiwel & Friends
ISBN: 1429954965
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
Eric is the new kid in seventh grade. Griffin wants to be his friend. When you're new in town, it's hard to know who to hang out with—and who to avoid. Griffin seems cool, confident, and popular. But something isn't right about Griffin. He always seems to be in the middle of bad things. And if Griffin doesn't like you, you'd better watch your back. There might be a target on it. As Eric gets drawn deeper into Griffin's dark world, he begins to see the truth about Griffin: he's a liar, a bully, a thief. Eric wants to break away, do the right thing. But in one shocking moment, he goes from being a bystander . . . to the bully's next victim. This title has Common Core connections.
Inside Drucker's Brain
Author: Jeffrey A. Krames
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 9781591842224
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
In late 2003, 94-year-old Peter Drucker invited Jeffrey Krames to his home for an unprecedented day-long interview. He spoke candidly about his seminal management principles, his enormous body of work (38 books over six decades) and the leaders he had advised throughout the years. Krames used the insights he gained to create this book - a compact guide to the great man's wisdom. It showcases Drucker's most important ideas and strategies and explains why they are just as useful today as they were decades ago.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 9781591842224
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
In late 2003, 94-year-old Peter Drucker invited Jeffrey Krames to his home for an unprecedented day-long interview. He spoke candidly about his seminal management principles, his enormous body of work (38 books over six decades) and the leaders he had advised throughout the years. Krames used the insights he gained to create this book - a compact guide to the great man's wisdom. It showcases Drucker's most important ideas and strategies and explains why they are just as useful today as they were decades ago.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Author: Peter Drucker
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317601351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 365
Book Description
How can management be developed to create the greatest wealth for society as a whole? This is the question Peter Drucker sets out to answer in Innovation and Entrepreneurship. A brilliant, mould-breaking attack on management orthodoxy it is one of Drucker’s most important books, offering an excellent overview of some of his main ideas. He argues that what defines an entrepreneur is their attitude to change: ‘the entrepreneur always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity’. To exploit change, according to Drucker, is to innovate. Stressing the importance of low-tech entrepreneurship, the challenge of balancing technological possibilities with limited resources, and the organisation as a learning organism, he concludes with a vision of an entrepreneurial society where individuals increasingly take responsibility for their own learning and careers. With a new foreword by Joseph Maciariello
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317601351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 365
Book Description
How can management be developed to create the greatest wealth for society as a whole? This is the question Peter Drucker sets out to answer in Innovation and Entrepreneurship. A brilliant, mould-breaking attack on management orthodoxy it is one of Drucker’s most important books, offering an excellent overview of some of his main ideas. He argues that what defines an entrepreneur is their attitude to change: ‘the entrepreneur always searches for change, responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity’. To exploit change, according to Drucker, is to innovate. Stressing the importance of low-tech entrepreneurship, the challenge of balancing technological possibilities with limited resources, and the organisation as a learning organism, he concludes with a vision of an entrepreneurial society where individuals increasingly take responsibility for their own learning and careers. With a new foreword by Joseph Maciariello
The Temptation to Do Good
Author: Peter Ferdinand Drucker
Publisher: Harpercollins
ISBN: 9780060152536
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Book Description
Publisher: Harpercollins
ISBN: 9780060152536
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Book Description