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Author: Thomas Greogry Wulz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical vapor deposition Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
First, the radiation detection charge collection properties have been determined for four diamonds with each diamond having received a fluence of 1 MeV neutron irradiation. Photoluminescence measurements were conducted at 150 K on the most irradiated diamond, revealing information about the energies of optically-active defect centers created by the neutron radiation. Then, two diamond plates, one single-crystal and the other polycrystalline, were processed using the bulk microstructural modification technique of femtosecond-pulsed laser machining. Deep reactive ion etching of the samples revealed that the laser-treated channels etch considerably faster than the surrounding diamond. Next, to create through-diamond vias (TDVs) in diamond plates, deep reactive ion etching techniques similar to those employed in the silicon industry for creating through-silicon vias were utilized. Two different diamonds, one optical-grade and one detector-grade, were used to establish a repeatable process for etching holes completely through diamond. A stainless steel foil was found to be an effective and robust etching mask for creating TDVs with an aspect ratio of 5.0. Electroplating was used to fill the TDVs with a highly conductive chromium metal. The TDVs were connected with interdigitated strips on the surface of the diamond, establishing for the first time a 3D diamond radiation detector with fully metal electrodes. Lastly, the spatial uniformity of the light emission produced by a relatively new scintillation crystal composed of potassium strontium iodide activated with europium has been explored.
Author: Thomas Greogry Wulz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical vapor deposition Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
First, the radiation detection charge collection properties have been determined for four diamonds with each diamond having received a fluence of 1 MeV neutron irradiation. Photoluminescence measurements were conducted at 150 K on the most irradiated diamond, revealing information about the energies of optically-active defect centers created by the neutron radiation. Then, two diamond plates, one single-crystal and the other polycrystalline, were processed using the bulk microstructural modification technique of femtosecond-pulsed laser machining. Deep reactive ion etching of the samples revealed that the laser-treated channels etch considerably faster than the surrounding diamond. Next, to create through-diamond vias (TDVs) in diamond plates, deep reactive ion etching techniques similar to those employed in the silicon industry for creating through-silicon vias were utilized. Two different diamonds, one optical-grade and one detector-grade, were used to establish a repeatable process for etching holes completely through diamond. A stainless steel foil was found to be an effective and robust etching mask for creating TDVs with an aspect ratio of 5.0. Electroplating was used to fill the TDVs with a highly conductive chromium metal. The TDVs were connected with interdigitated strips on the surface of the diamond, establishing for the first time a 3D diamond radiation detector with fully metal electrodes. Lastly, the spatial uniformity of the light emission produced by a relatively new scintillation crystal composed of potassium strontium iodide activated with europium has been explored.
Author: Gene Aloise Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 143791831X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
The Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) is testing new advanced spectroscopic portal (ASP) radiation detection monitors. ASPs are expected to reduce both the risk of missed threats and the rate of innocent alarms, which are considered to be limitations of radiation detection equipment currently used at U.S. ports of entry. Congress has required that the Sec. of DHS certify that ASPs provide a significant increase in operational effectiveness before obligating funds for procurement. This report is a review of: (1) the degree to which DHS's criteria for a significant increase in operational effectiveness address the limitations of existing radiation detection equipment; (2) the rigor of ASP testing and preliminary test results; and (3) the ASP test schedule. Illus.
Author: Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030764613 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of advanced materials used for gamma and X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and GaAs, as well as perovskite crystals, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. Authors discuss material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors.
Author: Douglas McGregor Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000038580 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 1286
Book Description
Radiation Detection: Concepts, Methods, and Devices provides a modern overview of radiation detection devices and radiation measurement methods. The book topics have been selected on the basis of the authors’ many years of experience designing radiation detectors and teaching radiation detection and measurement in a classroom environment. This book is designed to give the reader more than a glimpse at radiation detection devices and a few packaged equations. Rather it seeks to provide an understanding that allows the reader to choose the appropriate detection technology for a particular application, to design detectors, and to competently perform radiation measurements. The authors describe assumptions used to derive frequently encountered equations used in radiation detection and measurement, thereby providing insight when and when not to apply the many approaches used in different aspects of radiation detection. Detailed in many of the chapters are specific aspects of radiation detectors, including comprehensive reviews of the historical development and current state of each topic. Such a review necessarily entails citations to many of the important discoveries, providing a resource to find quickly additional and more detailed information. This book generally has five main themes: Physics and Electrostatics needed to Design Radiation Detectors Properties and Design of Common Radiation Detectors Description and Modeling of the Different Types of Radiation Detectors Radiation Measurements and Subsequent Analysis Introductory Electronics Used for Radiation Detectors Topics covered include atomic and nuclear physics, radiation interactions, sources of radiation, and background radiation. Detector operation is addressed with chapters on radiation counting statistics, radiation source and detector effects, electrostatics for signal generation, solid-state and semiconductor physics, background radiations, and radiation counting and spectroscopy. Detectors for gamma-rays, charged-particles, and neutrons are detailed in chapters on gas-filled, scintillator, semiconductor, thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence, photographic film, and a variety of other detection devices.
Author: Gene Aloise Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437918468 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is responsible for addressing the threat of nuclear smuggling. Radiation detection portal monitors are key elements in the nation's defenses against such threats. New monitors, known as advanced spectroscopic portal (ASP) monitors, have been tested to replace radiation detection equipment. DNDO expects that ASPs may offer improvements over current-generation portal monitors, particularly the potential to identify as well as detect radioactive material. However, ASPs cost significantly more than current generation portal monitors. This testimony addresses: (1) findings on DNDO's latest round of ASP testing; and (2) lessons from ASP testing that can be applied to other DHS technology investments.
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000462218 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and reaodut electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and variety of applications.The second edition of the book Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems giving readers a broad view of the state-of–the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This first volume, on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology and their designs as well as system optimization for different applications. Also, the book include characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book • describes progress in growth technologies of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials • shows variety of specific detector structure designs and their integration with front-end amplification/processing electronics • presents detection systems based on CdZnTe and CdTe detector technologies that are optimized for specific applications. The designed systems are characterized in terms of their spectral responses, spatial and timing resolutions • addresses incomplete charge collection, pulse pileup, charge sharing between neighboring detector pixels and other phenomena that can degrade the spectral response of photon-counting detectors • reports new developments of silicon photomultipliers used for reading the light from scintillators that starting to make a big impact particularly in the design concepts of novel medical instrumentation With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the second book to get a detailed understanding of more specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications.
Author: Gene Aloise Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437925715 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is responsible for addressing the threat of nuclear smuggling. Radiation detection portal monitors are key elements in the nation¿s defenses against such threats. DNDO has sponsored testing to develop new monitors, known as advanced spectroscopic portal (ASP) monitors, to replace radiation detection equipment now being used at ports of entry. DNDO expects that ASPs may offer improvements over current-generation portal monitors. This testimony: (1) discusses the principal findings and recommendations from a May 2009 report on ASP testing; and (2) updates those findings based on info. from DNDO officials on the results of testing conducted since the report¿s issuance. Illus.
Author: Dana A. Shea Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437926088 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is charged with developing and procuring equipment to prevent a terrorist nuclear or radiological attack in the U.S. At the forefront of DNDO¿s efforts are technologies currently deployed and under development whose purpose is to detect smuggled nuclear and radiological materials. These technologies include existing radiation portal monitors and next-generation replacements known as advanced spectroscopic portals (ASP). Radiation portal monitors are used to detect radiation emitted from conveyances, such as trucks, entering the U.S. Contents of this report: (1) History and Background; (2) Issues for Congress: Capability to Detect and Identify Threats; (3) Options for Congress. Illus.
Author: Jan Iwanczyk Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000462196 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and readout electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and a variety of applications. The second edition of Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems, giving readers a broad view of the state-of-the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics, and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This volume on Medical Imaging, Industrial Testing, and Security Applications presents specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing, and security applications. These newely developed technologies play a vital role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of major human diseases. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book: Describes new advances in development of detection systems based on CdZnTe (CZT) and CdTe detectors utilizing a direct conversion of radiation to electric signals Reports a recent progress in technologies and performance of SiPM used for reading the light from scintillators Explores exciting new application opportunities created by development of the cutting-edge detection technologies in X-ray spectroscopy, computed tomography (CT), bone dosimetry, and nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT) Considers the future use of photon-counting detectors in clinical CT scanners providing K-edge imaging to reduce the amount of contrast agents and ultimately offering both an anatomical and a functional information Describes, uses of radiation detection systems in security applications such as luggage scanning, dirty bomb detection, and border control With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the other volume, Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology, and Characterization Measurements, which puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology, and their designs and system optimization for different applications.
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351834266 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Semiconductor Radiation Detection Systems addresses the state-of-the-art in the design of semiconductor detectors and integrated circuit design, in the context of medical imaging using ionizing radiation. It addresses exciting new opportunities in X-ray detection, Computer Tomography (CT), bone dosimetry, and nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT). In addition to medical imaging, the book explores other applications of semiconductor radiation detection systems in security applications such as luggage scanning, dirty bomb detection, and border control. Features a chapter written by well-known Gamma-Ray Imaging authority Tadayuki Takahashi Assembled by a combination of top industrial experts and academic professors, this book is more than just a product manual. It is practical enough to provide a solid explanation of presented technologies, incorporating material that offers an optimal balance of scientific and academic theory. With less of a focus on math and physical details, the author concentrates more on exploring exactly how technologies are being used. With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field.
Author: Thomas Greogry Wulz
Author: Thomas Greogry Wulz
Author: Gene Aloise
Author: Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski
Author: Douglas McGregor
Author: Gene Aloise
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski
Author: Gene Aloise
Author: Dana A. Shea
Author: Jan Iwanczyk
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski