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Author: Pouyan Zamani Publisher: ISBN: Category : Carbon Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical devices that efficiently convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water. Their clean point of operation emissions and continuous operation have resulted in PEMFCs being highly touted as integral components of sustainable energy infrastructures, most notably in the transportation sector as a green alternative to the internal combustion engine. The issues associated with hydrogen production and distribution aside, the commercial viability of PEMFCs into the auto- motive sector is hindered by their high cost and inadequate long-term operational stability. The main factor behind both of these problems is the platinum-based electrocatalysts used at the cathode to facilitate the inherently sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). These expensive precious metal catalysts comprise almost half of the overall PEMFC stack cost and tend to degrade in the cathode environment that is very corrosive due to the acidic and potentiodynamic conditions. The current cost targets for PEMFCs are unattainable unless the extensive reliance on this precious metal is alleviated. The cost reduction can ultimately be accomplished by developing alternative cathode catalysts for the ORR. Research on new platinum catalyst supports or nanostructured platinum alloys to increase ORR activity on a precious metal mass basis have been largely successful. This approach is not ideal, however, due to the volatile pricing and geopolitical instabilities that can likely affect the supply of platinum. For these reasons, the development of entirely non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) for the ORR is highly desirable. This is the objective of this thesis, as will be presented in the following sections.
Author: Pouyan Zamani Publisher: ISBN: Category : Carbon Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are electrochemical devices that efficiently convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water. Their clean point of operation emissions and continuous operation have resulted in PEMFCs being highly touted as integral components of sustainable energy infrastructures, most notably in the transportation sector as a green alternative to the internal combustion engine. The issues associated with hydrogen production and distribution aside, the commercial viability of PEMFCs into the auto- motive sector is hindered by their high cost and inadequate long-term operational stability. The main factor behind both of these problems is the platinum-based electrocatalysts used at the cathode to facilitate the inherently sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). These expensive precious metal catalysts comprise almost half of the overall PEMFC stack cost and tend to degrade in the cathode environment that is very corrosive due to the acidic and potentiodynamic conditions. The current cost targets for PEMFCs are unattainable unless the extensive reliance on this precious metal is alleviated. The cost reduction can ultimately be accomplished by developing alternative cathode catalysts for the ORR. Research on new platinum catalyst supports or nanostructured platinum alloys to increase ORR activity on a precious metal mass basis have been largely successful. This approach is not ideal, however, due to the volatile pricing and geopolitical instabilities that can likely affect the supply of platinum. For these reasons, the development of entirely non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) for the ORR is highly desirable. This is the objective of this thesis, as will be presented in the following sections.
Author: Yixuan Wang Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315341255 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs), such as methanol and ethanol ones, are very promising advanced power systems that may considerably reduce dependence on fossil fuels and are, therefore, attracting increased attention worldwide. Nanostructured materials can improve the performance of the cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes of DAFCs. This book focuses on the most recent advances in the science and technology of nanostructured materials for direct alcohol fuel cells, including novel non-noble or low noble metal catalysts deposited on the graphene layer and metal-free doped carbon black for oxygen electroreduction reaction, Sn-based bimetallic and trimetallic nanoparticles for alcohol electro-oxidation reaction, and novel nanomaterials for promoting proton transfer in electrolytes. In addition, the book includes chapters from not only experimentalists but also computational chemists who have worked in the development of advanced power systems for decades. Illustrated throughout with excellent figures, this multidisciplinary work is not just a reference for researchers in chemistry and materials science, but a handy textbook for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students in nanoscience- and nanotechnology-related courses, especially those with an interest in developing novel materials for advanced power systems.
Author: Wen Lu Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118981014 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 482
Book Description
With the proliferation of electronic devices, the world will need to double its energy supply by 2050. This book addresses this challenge and discusses synthesis and characterization of carbon nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage. Addresses one of the leading challenges facing society today as we steer away from dwindling supplies of fossil fuels and a rising need for electric power due to the proliferation of electronic products Promotes the use of carbon nanomaterials for energy applications Systematic coverage: synthesis, characterization, and a wide array of carbon nanomaterials are described Detailed descriptions of solar cells, electrodes, thermoelectrics, supercapacitors, and lithium-ion-based storage Discusses special architecture required for energy storage including hydrogen, methane, etc.
Author: Kenneth I. Ozoemena Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319299301 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
Global experts provide an authoritative source of information on the use of electrochemical fuel cells, and in particular discuss the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing energy systems. The book covers the state of the art in the design, preparation, and engineering of nanoscale functional materials as effective catalysts for fuel cell chemistry, highlights recent progress in electrocatalysis at both fuel cell anode and cathode, and details perspectives and challenges in future research.
Author: MIN. WANG Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electricity Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
Fuel cell is considered as one of the most environmentally friendly devices for sustainably converting chemical energy to electricity. Till now, its large-scale application has been hindered by the high-cost of platinum catalysts required for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. Although the amount of noble metal needed for the desired catalytic effect could be reduced by using nonprecious-metal catalysts, they are still too expensive for the commercial mass production of clean energy, or their energy conversion efficiency is too low. Owing to the related low cost, large surface area, high electrical conductivity, rich electrocatalytic active sites, and corrosion resistant properties, a new class of carbon-based, metal-free catalysts has been developed which could dramatically reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of fuel cells when used as alternative ORR catalysts. For example, various heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials have been developed as efficient metal-free catalysts for ORR. However, their performance still needs to be further improved to pave the way for technological advancement, particularly in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Another problem is that most of the ORR studies on carbon-based electrocatalysts have been conducted using a half electrochemical cell with alkaline medium, the electrochemical performance of carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials in acidic medium is rarely, let alone the single fuel cell. In this study, various metal-free carbon-based catalysts have been developed by rational heteroatom doping coupled with super advanced structures (by intrinsic and macroscopic tune). Different units, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphitic carbon nitrides, and biomass, were selected for constructing novel carbon-based nanomaterials with highly porous structure and abundant electrochemically active sites. Heteroatoms doped or co-doped carbon nanotubes (B,N-CNT and N,F-CNTs) , carbon nitride decorated nitrogen doped graphene (C3N4@N-G) composites, N-doped graphene/CNT hybrids (N-G-CNT), and N-doped hierarchical porous carbon have been successfully developed as high efficient catalysts. The ORR performances of these carbon-based catalysts were investigated in three-electrode electrochemical setup in both alkaline and acidic mediums. PEMFCs utilizing the carbon-based catalysts as cathode catalyst for ORR were also fabricated and studied in detail. Especially, the rationally designed N-G-CNT exhibited excellent catalytic activities and selectivity for ORR, even with good single cell performance.
Author: Xinliang Feng Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527680047 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
In this second volume in the first book series on nanocarbons for advanced applications the highly renowned series and volume editor has put together a top author team of internationally acclaimed experts on carbon materials. Divided into three major parts, this reference provides a current overview of the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphenes, and porous carbons for energy conversion applications. It covers such varied topics as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions in the different types of fuel cells, metal-air batteries and electrode materials for photovoltaic devices, as well as photocatalysts, electrocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts for water splitting. Throughout, the authors highlight the unique aspects of nanocarbon materials in these fields, with a particular focus on the physico-chemical properties which lead to enhanced device performances.
Author: Xin-bo Zhang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527342796 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
A comprehensive overview of the research developments in the burgeoning field of metal-air batteries An innovation in battery science and technology is necessary to build better power sources for our modern lifestyle needs. One of the main fields being explored for the possible breakthrough is the development of metal-air batteries. Metal-Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications offers a systematic summary of the fundamentals of the technology and explores the most recent advances in the applications of metal-air batteries. Comprehensive in scope, the text explains the basics in electrochemical batteries and introduces various species of metal-air batteries. The author-a noted expert in the field-explores the development of metal-air batteries in the order of Li-air battery, sodium-air battery, zinc-air battery and Mg-O2 battery, with the focus on the Li-air battery. The text also addresses topics such as metallic anode, discharge products, parasitic reactions, electrocatalysts, mediator, and X-ray diffraction study in Li-air battery. Metal-Air Batteries provides a summary of future perspectives in the field of the metal-air batteries. This important resource: -Covers various species of metal-air batteries and their components as well as system designation -Contains groundbreaking content that reviews recent advances in the field of metal-air batteries -Focuses on the battery systems which have the greatest potential for renewable energy storage Written for electrochemists, physical chemists, materials scientists, professionals in the electrotechnical industry, engineers in power technology, Metal-Air Batteries offers a review of the fundamentals and the most recent developments in the area of metal-air batteries.
Author: Liming Dai Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527811435 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 746
Book Description
Offering comprehensive coverage of this hot topic, this two-volume handbook and ready reference treats a wide range of important aspects, from synthesis and catalytic properties of carbon materials to their applications as metal-free catalysts in various important reactions and industrial processes. Following a look at recent advances in the development of carbon materials as carbon-based metal-free catalysts, subsequent sections deal with a mechanistic understanding for the molecular design of efficient carbon-based metal-free catalysts, with a special emphasis on heteroatom-doped carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite. Examples of important catalytic processes covered include clean energy conversion and storage, environmental protection, and synthetic chemistry. With contributions from world-leading scientists, this is an indispensable source of information for academic and industrial researchers in catalysis, green chemistry, electrochemistry, materials science, nanotechnology, energy technology, and chemical engineering, as well as graduates and scientists entering the field.
Author: Cheng-Te Lin Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128140844 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion presents a comprehensive overview of recent theoretical and experimental developments and prospects on carbon-based nanomaterials for thermal, solar and electrochemical energy conversion, along with their storage applications for both laboratory and industrial perspectives. Large growth in human populations has led to seminal growth in global energy consumption, hence fossil fuel usage has increased, as have unwanted greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, which results in critical environmental concerns. This book discusses this growing problem, aligning carbon nanomaterials as a solution because of their structural diversity and electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. Provides an overview on state-of-the-art carbon nanomaterials and key requirements for applications of carbon materials towards efficient energy storage and conversion Presents an updated and comprehensive review of recent work and the theoretical aspects on electrochemistry Includes discussions on the industrial production of carbon-based materials for energy applications, along with insights from industrial experts
Author: Jia-Nan Zhang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811946256 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
This book systematically summarizes the advanced development of carbon-based nanomaterials for electrochemical catalysis, and it is comprised of four sections. The first section discusses about the fundamental synthesis, characterization techniques, and catalytic effects on the energy conversion and storage mechanism. The second section elaborately reviews various types of electrocatalytic reactions on carbon-based materials and their performance. The third section focuses on batteries about carbon-based materials with different storage mechanism. And the last one, the following enlightenment in terms of theoretical development and experimental research is provided to the general readers: 1) Precise design and construction of local atomic and electronic structures at the interface of catalysts; 2) Selective activation and directed conversion of carbon-based energy-carrying molecules at the interface; 3) Interaction mechanism and regulation of catalyst solid surface interface properties under environment and external field. This book will be useful for researchers and students who are interested in carbon-based nanomaterials, electrochemical catalysts and energy storage.
Author: Pouyan Zamani
Author: Pouyan Zamani
Author: Yixuan Wang
Author: Wen Lu
Author: Kenneth I. Ozoemena
Author: MIN. WANG
Author: Xinliang Feng
Author: Xin-bo Zhang
Author: Liming Dai
Author: Cheng-Te Lin
Author: Jia-Nan Zhang