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Author: Mannaart, Michael Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN: 9289376716 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-524/ Release of small plastic items, known as Acute Plastic Pollution (APP) in the environment. What is it and what can it cause? For understanding, the Nordic Council of Ministers commissioned an assessment which is described in this report including the problems, causes and solutions to address APP at multiple levels. It is a serious problem for which there are no legal frameworks nor coordinated response. Research on the magnitude and locations of APP emphasizing pellet loss is needed. Recommendations include adoption of an internationally accepted definition, reclassification of pellets as hazardous goods, inclusion in legislation, awareness-raising and incorporation of APP in a legal framework with actions for preparedness and a standardized disaster response protocol. Prevention is key, hence, technical and legal measures should be applied to achieve this.
Author: Mannaart, Michael Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN: 9289376716 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2023-524/ Release of small plastic items, known as Acute Plastic Pollution (APP) in the environment. What is it and what can it cause? For understanding, the Nordic Council of Ministers commissioned an assessment which is described in this report including the problems, causes and solutions to address APP at multiple levels. It is a serious problem for which there are no legal frameworks nor coordinated response. Research on the magnitude and locations of APP emphasizing pellet loss is needed. Recommendations include adoption of an internationally accepted definition, reclassification of pellets as hazardous goods, inclusion in legislation, awareness-raising and incorporation of APP in a legal framework with actions for preparedness and a standardized disaster response protocol. Prevention is key, hence, technical and legal measures should be applied to achieve this.
Author: Melanie Bergmann Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319165100 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Author: L. Jeftic Publisher: United Nations Environment Programme ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Marine litter is an ecological, economic, health and aesthetic problem. it is a complex and multi-dimensional challenge with significant implications For The marine and coastal environment, and human activities all over the world. The persistence of marine litter is the result of a lack of coordinated global and regional strategies, and deficiencies in the implementation and enforcement of existing programmes, regulations and standards at all levels - international, regional and national. The UNEP Global Initiative on Marine Litter provides a platform For The management of marine litter through the establishment of partnerships, cooperative arrangements and coordination of joint activities. it has succeeded in organizing and implementing regional activities on marine litter around the world. In addition to activities in 12 Regional Seas, UNEP commissioned preparation of several documents on specific topics, including UNEP/IOC Guidelines for monitoring of marine litter; Abandoned and lost fishing gear; and Marine litter and market-based instruments. This report provides an overview of the status of marine litter in UNEP's assisted Regional Seas, and highlights the amounts, main sources, impacts, and economics of marine litter, and discusses legislation, policies, compliance and enforcement mechanisms; institutional frameworks and stakeholder involvement; education and outreach strategies; monitoring programmes and research; mitigation activities among other aspects. it concludes that there is an urgent need to approach the issue of marine litter through better enforcement of laws and regulations, expanded outreach and educational campaigns And The employment of strong economic instruments and incentives. it proposes some general recommendations, based on the materials presented in the document, and specific recommendations for fourteen different issues regarding marine litter.
Author: Trevor Letcher Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128178817 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 688
Book Description
Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. - Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement - Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation - Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches
Author: United Nations Publications Publisher: Unep Year Book ISBN: 9789280733815 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The UNEP Year Book series examines emerging environmental issues and policy-relevant events and developments. It also presents the latest trends using key environmental indicators. This 2014 edition shows that changes in the Arctic will have consequences far beyond this fragile region and that they require an urgent international response. The volume of chemicals in the world continues to grow, with a shift in production from developed to developing countries. To meet the goal of producing and using chemicals in ways that minimize significant impacts on health and the environment by 2020, efforts must be made to reduce the use of toxic chemicals, promote safer alternatives and build capacity for sound chemicals management. Adequate information for minimizing chemical risks is essential to support these efforts.
Author: Martin Wagner Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319616153 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 309
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: ISBN: 9780309458856 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.
Author: Paul G. Harris Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108422489 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
Offers a multidisciplinary edited volume on policy dimensions of climate change for the world's oceans, for researchers, policymakers and activists.
Author: Mannaart, Michael
Author: Mannaart, Michael
Author: R. M. Harrison
Author: Melanie Bergmann
Author: L. Jeftic
Author: Trevor Letcher
Author: United Nations Publications
Author: OECD
Author: Martin Wagner
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Paul G. Harris