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Author: Wesley Eckenfelder Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566763028 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
In the past, industrial wastewater treatment primarily focused on the removal of BOD and suspended solids. In recent years, however, the focus has changed to aquatic toxicity, priority pollutants, and volatile organics. This required changes in how we design and operate biological treatment plants. Many existing plants must be retrofitted. New approaches to meet new requirements are discussed in detail. The authors, with a combined experience of sixty years, have presented case studies for a wide variety of industrial wastewaters including pulp and paper, food processing, chemical and pharmaceuticals, and textile wastewaters. Data interpretation and process design are developed through the use of seventeen examples. Procedures for the laboratory and pilot plant generation of process design data are presented. Emphasis is placed on meeting the many new regulations governing industrial wastewater discharges.
Author: Wesley Eckenfelder Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566763028 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
In the past, industrial wastewater treatment primarily focused on the removal of BOD and suspended solids. In recent years, however, the focus has changed to aquatic toxicity, priority pollutants, and volatile organics. This required changes in how we design and operate biological treatment plants. Many existing plants must be retrofitted. New approaches to meet new requirements are discussed in detail. The authors, with a combined experience of sixty years, have presented case studies for a wide variety of industrial wastewaters including pulp and paper, food processing, chemical and pharmaceuticals, and textile wastewaters. Data interpretation and process design are developed through the use of seventeen examples. Procedures for the laboratory and pilot plant generation of process design data are presented. Emphasis is placed on meeting the many new regulations governing industrial wastewater discharges.
Author: Wesley Eckenfelder Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780203968567 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - ReferencesEurope
Author: Leiv Rieger Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843391740 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 287
Book Description
Mathematical modelling of activated sludge systems is used widely for plant design, optimisation, training, controller design and research. The quality of simulation studies varies depending on the project objectives, finances and expertise available. Consideration has to be given to the model accuracy and the amount of time required carrying out a simulation study to produce the desired accuracy. Inconsistent approaches and insufficient documentation make quality assessment and comparison of simulation results difficult or almost impossible. A general framework for the application of activated sludge models is needed in order to overcome these obstacles. The genesis of the Good Modelling Practice (GMP) Task Group lies in a workshop held at the 4th IWA World Water Congress in Marrakech, Morocco where members of research groups active in wastewater treatment modelling came together to develop plans to synthesize the best practices of modellers from all over the world. The most cited protocols were included in the work, amongst others from: HSG (Hochschulgruppe), STOWA, BIOMATH and WERF. The goal of the group is to set up an internationally accepted framework to deal with the ASM type models in practice. This framework shall make modelling more straightforward and systematic to use especially for practitioners and consultants. Additionally, it shall help to define quality levels for simulation results, a procedure to assess this quality and to assist in the proper use of the models. The framework will describe a methodology for goal-oriented application of activated sludge models demonstrated by means of a concise guideline about the procedure of a simulation study and some illustrative case studies. The case studies shall give examples for the required data quality and quantity and the effort for calibration/validation with respect to a defined goal. The final report will include an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Additional features in Guidelines for Using Activated Sludge Models include a chapter on modelling industrial wastewater, an overview on the history, current practice and future of activated sludge modelling and several explanatory case studies. It can be used as an introductory book to learn about Good Modelling Practice (GMP) in activated sludge modelling and will be of special interest for process engineers who have no prior knowledge of modelling or for lecturers who need a textbook for their students. The STR can also be used as a modelling reference book and includes an extended appendix with additional information and details of methodologies. Scientific and Technical Report No. 22
Author: Valter Tandoi Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780408633 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Activated Sludge Separation Problems: Theory, Control Measures, Practical Experiences, Second Edition, describes the most common activated sludge separation problems and explains the main reasons for the growth of the different filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. The book summarizes the identification techniques for important groups of activated sludge microorganisms both based on conventional microscopic analysis and using the biological molecular tools available today (FISH and PCR). This new edition, with 70% new and updated material, also provides explanation of basic activated sludge process principles and of parameters necessary for process control and operation. The theory of secondary clarifies is described to the extent necessary for understanding the construction and operation of secondary clarifiers. The activated sludge reactor and secondary clarifies are treated as one system and the interactions are explained. The wide range of experiences around the world is documented and the methods to avoid the proliferation of these organisms are presented and critically reviewed. Activated Sludge Separation Problems consists of six chapters, presenting up-to-date technical and scientific aspects of these processes. The new edition also features an extended list of literature references for further reading. The book will be a valuable help for students of environmental engineering, wastewater specialists, plant operators and designers of activated sludge plants. It is also useful for specialists in wastewater operation laboratories, especially for those studying activated sludge separation properties.
Author: Tim Hobson Publisher: ISBN: 9781500692995 Category : Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
From the book's introduction: This is not an introductory text about activated sludge. In this book, we discuss the observation, testing, and calculation procedures that provide data about the status of the activated sludge process. In addition, we discuss in depth how to apply this data to the business of controlling your activated sludge treatment process. Basic activated sludge concepts are addressed in this book in the context of process evaluation and control. We focus our efforts on discussing a basic, practical system of control for the process. The procedures discussed in this manual are equally applicable to all variations. An operator must have information about settleability, dissolved oxygen concentration, solids concentration, effluent quality, and clarifier sludge levels for consistent, efficient process performance of every type of activated sludge process. These procedures are covered in detail. The procedures discussed are based on work done by E. B. Mallory in the 1930's and 40's and further developed by Alfred W. West while he was head of the Operational Technology Branch of the Environmental Protection Agency in the 1960's and 70's. The system, with some modifications by this author, is frequently called the "West Method" or "Sludge Quality Method" of activated sludge process control because operational controls adjustments are based on the sludge quality existing in your facility rather than on arbitrary values.
Author: Damir Brdjanovic Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780404638 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
In 1982 the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC), as it was then called, established a Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes. The aim of the Task Group was to create a common platform that could be used for the future development of models for COD and N removal with a minimum of complexity. As the collaborative result of the work of several modelling groups, the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was published in 1987, exactly 25 years ago. The ASM1 can be considered as the reference model, since this model triggered the general acceptance of wastewater treatment modelling, first in the research community and later on also in practice. ASM1 has become a reference for many scientific and practical projects, and has been implemented (in some cases with modifications) in most of the commercial software available for modelling and simulation of plants for N removal. The models have grown more complex over the years, from ASM1, including N removal processes, to ASM2 (and its variations) including P removal processes, and ASM3 that corrects the deficiencies of ASM1 and is based on a metabolic approach to modelling. So far, ASM1 is the most widely applied. Applications of Activated Sludge Models has been prepared in celebration of 25 years of ASM1 and in tribute to the activated sludge modelling pioneer, the late Professor G.v.R. Marrais. It consists of a dozen of practical applications for ASM models to model development, plant optimization, extension, upgrade, retrofit and troubleshooting, carried out by the members of the Delft modelling group over the last two decades.
Author: Dick H. Eikelboom Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1900222299 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
This title is only available as a free copy to download from the WaterWiki. To download your free copy of the eBook, click here. The manual can be used independantly but when used in combination with the CD-ROM, it makes a unique tool for process operators to diagnose and solve operational problems. It is also a valuable educational and training package for universities and post experience courses. Click here for more details about the CD-ROM Process stability and final effluent quality largely depend upon the composition of the biomass in an activated sludge plant. Operational problems such as bulking and scum formation occur when the wrong micro-organisms are dominating the sludge population. Microscopic sludge investigation is therefore essential for process control and stable plant operation. The manual outlines the theoretical framework, extensively illustrated with full-colour micrographs. Contents Microscopy Microscopic sludge investigation Characteristics of activated sludge flocs Filamentous micro-organisms Protozoa and metazoa Conclusions of microscopic sludge investigation The activated sludge process Operational problems Bulking sludge Scum formation
Author: Derin Orhon Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843391449 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
Industrial pollution is still a major concern and despite its significance, sound and systematic pollution control efforts are very poorly documented. The character and treatability of industrial wastewaters is highly variable and specific for each industrial activity. Biological treatment with activated sludge is the appropriate technology for industrial wastewaters from several major industrial sectors. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge deals with the activated sludge treatment of industrial wastewaters by considering conceptual frameworks, methodologies and case studies, in a stepwise manner. The issues related to activated sludge treatment, such as biodegradability based characterization, modeling, assessment of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and design, as well as the issues of industrial pollution control, e.g. in-plant control, effect of pretreatment, etc. are combined in a way to provide a comprehensive and information-rich view to the reader. By doing so, the book supplies an up-to-date reference for industrial wastewater experts and both graduate and undergraduate students. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge provides a roadmap, describing the methodologies for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from several major sectors, based on a solid theoretical background. Up to now although valuable separate efforts both on activated sludge and industrial wastewater treatment have been presented, an integrated approach that is crucial to practice has not been available. This gap is filled by this book.
Author: Marcos Von Sperling Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843391651 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors is the fifth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The first part of the book is devoted to the activated sludge process, covering the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.A detailed analysis of the biological reactor (aeration tank) and the final sedimentation tanks is provided. The second part of the book covers aerobic biofilm reactors, especially trickling filters, rotating biological contractors and submerged aerated biofilters. For all the systems, the book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Author: Eric Wahlberg Publisher: ISBN: 9781605953335 Category : Languages : en Pages : 530
Book Description
This book is a milestone in the evolution of wastewater treatment operations. It explains the science of treatment framed within an ethics where wastewater personnel are seen as protectors of public health, preservers of the environment, and stewards of public monies. Written by a former plant operator with a Ph.D., the book presents the fundamental science behind the unit processes in wastewater treatment plants, including biological nutrient removal. In so doing, it challenges longstanding operational doctrines enshrined by habit and tradition, such as being careful not to remove too many influent organics in a primary clarifier for fear of starving the microorganisms in the aeration basin, or using the MLSS concentration to control effluent quality, or cutting the growth rate of microorganisms in anticipation of their slower growth rate in winter. Dispelling much of the prevailing that's-the-way-we've-always-done-it dogma is achieved through an elegant and understandable presentation of the biology, chemistry, and physics that explain the phenomena of wastewater treatment. At the same time, the book is intensely practical. It offers detailed and data-based process control solutions to stabilize plant performance, maintain consistent effluent quality, and reduce energy costs. Powerful, easily implemented statistical techniques are given to unlock the meaning of plant performance data and make informed process control decisions. The book's approach is learning-focused, including numerous examples of a failsafe, foolproof arithmetical method that enables operations professionals to define, set up, and solve problems.
Author: Wesley Eckenfelder
Author: Wesley Eckenfelder
Author: Wesley Eckenfelder
Author: Leiv Rieger
Author: Valter Tandoi
Author: Tim Hobson
Author: Damir Brdjanovic
Author: Dick H. Eikelboom
Author: Derin Orhon
Author: Marcos Von Sperling
Author: Eric Wahlberg