Author: Lingzi Hong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Inflammation Languages : en Pages : 177
Book Description
Interleukin 17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) is a key signature cytokine of Th17 cells and is also produced by innate immune cells. While IL-17 is required for host defense against extracellular microorganisms, IL-17 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. IL-17 signals through adaptor protein Act1, resulting in transcription of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines and chemokines, including CXCL1, TNF, IL-6 and GM-CSF. Mechanisms that degrade inflammatory mRNAs are well known; however, stabilizing mechanisms are poorly understood. We discovered that Act1 also acts as an RNA binding protein to stabilize mRNAs encoding key inflammatory proteins through a stem-loop structure element, named as SBE (SEFIR-binding element). mRNA-bound Act1 directs formation of three compartmentally distinct RNA-protein complexes (RNPs) that regulate three distinct events in inflammatory-mRNA metabolism: preventing mRNA decay in the nucleus, inhibiting mRNA decapping in P bodies and promoting translation. SBE RNA aptamers decreased IL-17-mediated mRNA stabilization in vitro as well as IL-17-induced skin inflammation and airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model, thus providing a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. These results reveal a network in which Act1 assembles RNPs on the 3' UTRs of select mRNAs and consequently controls receptor-mediated mRNA stabilization and translation during inflammation. Asthma is a T cell-mediated heterogeneous disease clinically characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and airflow obstruction. Glucocorticoids are the gold standard in asthma therapy as they can successfully control asthma in a large proportion. A substantial body of research has shown that interleukin (IL)-17A plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe, steroid resistant asthma. Clinical studies have also indicated that a subgroup of asthma patients responded to IL-17 signaling blockers, but the mechanism is not well understood. We showed CEBPB was the critical transcription factor that is synergistically induced by IL17-A and glucocorticoid (GC). In addition, LCN2 and SAA were also synergistically induced by IL17A and glucocorticoid (GC) through CEBPB in cultured airway cells. Mechanistically, IL17A and GC collaboratively regulated CEBPB at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, which involved direct binding and stabilization of CEBPB mRNA by Act1. LCN2 and SAA may serve as LCN2 and SAA as potential circulating biomarkers for endotyping type-17 severe asthma. In one cohort study, severe asthma patients showed significantly higher plasma LCN2 and SAA as compared with healthy controls; a positive correlation was also revealed between blood IL-17A and LCN2 or SAA in patients. Taken together, our study elucidates the molecular mechanism of IL17A-Act1/CEBPB axis on steroid-resistant IL17-A targets, LCN2 and SAAs, which may serve as useful biomarkers to distinguish type-17 severe asthma endotype for anti-IL17A therapy.
Author: Steven L. Kunkel Publisher: Marcel Dekker ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
A comprehensive text providing much of the currently available knowledge in the field of cytokines. There are four areas covered, including general overviews of each of the major cytokines, listings of the important interactions these cytokines have with inflammatory cells, discussions of current an
Author: Nicola Fabris Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468445472 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 473
Book Description
Immunoregulation is one of the areas which has witnessed the most explosive advances of immunology during the past decade. It is in this area that the current view of the immune system has arisen and developed. There is indeed little doubt that immune reactions are primarily determined by messages which are genera ted within the immune system and passed among different types of immunologie cells. This cell communication not only determines the type, intensity and duration of the response after perturbation of the immune system by exogenous antigens, but it is also essential for preventing autoimmune reactions and their clinical conse quences. In order to assure aperfect balance within the enormous com plexity of the immune system, it is not surprising that multiple self-regulatory mechanisms are organized at different levels, such as antibody feedback, idiotypic-anti-idiotypic responses, suppres sor and helper T cells, lymphokine signals and genetic require ments. A nu mb er of observations in recent years have, however, demonstrated that consistent contributions to the immunological homeostasis are given also by signals generated outside of the immune system, namely,in the central and autonomous nervous system as weIl as in the endocrine apparatus. Furthermore, the interactions between the immune system and the other body homestatic mechanisms seem to be bidirectional: if immunological cells may be targets of neuroendocrinological factors, immunological products seem in turn to contribute to the neuro endocrine homeostasis.
Author: John P. Bilezikian Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080525776 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 921
Book Description
Written by world experts, this books follows upon the monumental success of the first edition of The Parathyroids, which was universally acclaimed as the best text on the subject. An authoritative reference that spans the basic science of parathyroid hormone treatment to major clinical disorders in a superb, single compendium, The Parathyroids offers an objective and authoritative view on controversial clinical issues in this rapidly changing field. Every medical school library and virtually every major hospital library will need this book as a reference for students and clinicians.Key Features* Offers objective and authoritative reviews on controversial clinical issues* Written by world experts on parathyroid hormone and its disorders* Superb, state-of-the-art compendium in one convenient volume* Bridges basic science of parathyroid hormone to major clinical disorders* Practical information on clinical management of parathyroid hormone disorders
Author: Nima Rezaei Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3662529092 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 593
Book Description
The number of diagnosed cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) – a group of inborn disorders of the immune system – is growing rapidly, but misdiagnosis or late diagnosis still occurs in a significant number of patients, with serious consequences. This is the second edition of a practical reference textbook on PIDs that has been widely welcomed by scientists and clinicians from around the world. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect advances in knowledge and includes various PIDs not previously covered. For each disease, information is provided on definition, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. This book will represent an ideal resource for specialists when engaging in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and treatment planning. It will also prove invaluable for doctors in training and other physicians and nurses who wish to learn more about PIDs.
Author: Walter Gottlieb Land Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319786555 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 893
Book Description
This book presents current understanding of the importance of modern immunology in the etiopathogenesis of human diseases and explores how this understanding is impacting on diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. As the core of modern immunology, the “danger/injury model” is introduced and addressed throughout the book. Volume I of the book describes the network of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and examines the central role of DAMPs in cellular stress responses and associated regulated cell death, the promotion and resolution of inflammation, the activation of innate lymphoid cells and unconventional T cells, the stimulation of adaptive immunity, and tissue repair. The significance of DAMPs in a wide range of human diseases will then be explored in Volume II of the book, with discussion of the implications of injury-induced innate immunity for present and future treatments. This book is written for professionals from all medical and paramedical disciplines who are interested in the introduction of innovative data from immunity and inflammation research into clinical practice. The readership will include practitioners and clinicians such as hematologists, rheumatologists, traumatologists, oncologists, intensive care anesthetists, endocrinologists such as diabetologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, pharmacists, and transplantologists.
Author: John P. Sundberg Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849383724 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 582
Book Description
Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities presents 48 mouse mutations that are all available to the biomedical community. Many of the mouse mutations with dermatological diseases are reviewed and illustrated in detail. This popular reference book gives you a single source to use when determining which mouse mutation will best serve your needs as a biomedical tool for sophisticated research projects. The book also includes an overview of domestic animal genodermatoses to provide alternatives to mouse models that do not exist or to complement those that do. A detailed section written by renowned experts compares the biology of human and mouse skin and skin diseases in the areas of development and the use of animal models, mammalian genetics, keratin biochemistry, epidermal and hair follicle cycles and kinetics, cytokines and growth factors, keratinocyte culture systems, cutaneous carcinogenesis, cutaneous immune system, and skin changes associated with mutations of the endocrine system.
Author: Georgios N. Belibasakis Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030285243 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
The first International Conference on Oral Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome (OMIM) aimed to highlight cutting-edge basic and translational research from an oral immunological and microbiological perspective. Oral diseases with a microbial etiology are the most prevalent chronic diseases of humans. Whilst not life-threatening, they can significantly compromise quality of life, are associated with increased risk for certain systemic diseases, and pose heavy financial burdens to national health systems. Hence, periodontal and peri-implant diseases, dental caries, root canal infections and mucosal infections are significant global public health problems. In this book global experts summarize and discuss the latest progress made in oral mucosal immunity and the oral microbiome. Target audience is basic and/or translational researchers with expertise in host immunity and microbiome research, and interest in oral health and disease. This volume provides a much needed quantum leap in the field, by joining forces to address gaps at the oral mucosal immunity-microbiome cross-talk.
Author: Arseniy Yuzhalin Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128013338 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
Interleukins in Cancer Biology responds to the growing need for credible and up-to-date information about the impact of interleukins on occurrence, development and progression of cancer. It provides reliable information about all known interleukins (38), describes recent discoveries in the field, and moreover, suggests further directions of research on the most promising aspects of this topic. The structure and presentation of the work is very understandable and clear with attention to detail maintained throughout. There are multiple illustrations throughout to help in comprehending and remembering the most important facts. . - Summarizes and discusses existing facts on the impact of all known interleukins in occurrence, development, and progression of cancer - Categorizes and clarifies all interleukins based on their role in cancer - Contains comprehensive and exhaustive information on each molecule
Author: Alan H. B. Wu Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 1437719872 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1857
Book Description
This new edition of Norbert Tietz's classic handbook presents information on common tests as well as rare and highly specialized tests and procedures - including a summary of the utility and merit of each test. Biological variables that may affect test results are discussed, and a focus is placed on reference ranges, diagnostic information, clinical interpretation of laboratory data, interferences, and specimen types. New and updated content has been added in all areas, with over 100 new tests added. - Tests are divided into 8 main sections and arranged alphabetically. - Each test includes necessary information such as test name (or disorder) and method, specimens and special requirements, reference ranges, chemical interferences and in vivo effects, kinetic values, diagnostic information, factors influencing drug disposition, and clinical comments and remarks. - The most current and relevant tests are included; outdated tests have been eliminated. - Test index (with extensive cross references) and disease index provide the reader with an easy way to find necessary information - Four new sections in key areas (Preanalytical, Flow Cytometry, Pharmacogenomics, and Allergy) make this edition current and useful. - New editor Alan Wu, who specializes in Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, brings a wealth of experience and expertise to this edition. - The Molecular Diagnostics section has been greatly expanded due to the increased prevalence of new molecular techniques being used in laboratories. - References are now found after each test, rather than at the end of each section, for easier access.
Author: Lingzi Hong
Author: Steven L. Kunkel
Author: Nicola Fabris
Author: John P. Bilezikian
Author: Nima Rezaei
Author: Walter Gottlieb Land
Author: John P. Sundberg
Author: Georgios N. Belibasakis
Author: Arseniy Yuzhalin
Author: Alan H. B. Wu