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Author: Alexandra Andhov Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Danish Parliament adopted a law (L190) that abolishes the formation of entrepreneurial companies (iværksætterselskab) IVS in Denmark. This decision has raised surprise and concern from business and academic communities, questioning the decision-making processes of the Danish government. The entrepreneurial company form was introduced in 2014 with the aim to strengthen the entrepreneurship in Denmark. Currently the Government claims that the aim has not been reached. Based on the analysis prepared by the Danish Business Authority (Erhvervsstyrelsen) from September 2018 there are reasons to dissolve or transform all the existing IVS companies within the next two years and abrogate the IVS form from the Danish Companies Act completely. In this short essay, I briefly introduce the IVS company form and reflect on the Analysis prepared by the Danish Business Authority. I provide some thoughts on the substance of this Analysis and its key weaknesses when justifying their main outcomes, for which the IVS form is to be repealed - that these companies have, to a greater extent than expected, led to an increased risk of fraud and tax evasions. I conclude the article with few reflections on the minimum capital requirement, importance of legislative review and building entrepreneurship in Denmark. These conclusions are however universal and applicable across diverse jurisdictions.
Author: Alexandra Andhov Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
Danish Parliament adopted a law (L190) that abolishes the formation of entrepreneurial companies (iværksætterselskab) IVS in Denmark. This decision has raised surprise and concern from business and academic communities, questioning the decision-making processes of the Danish government. The entrepreneurial company form was introduced in 2014 with the aim to strengthen the entrepreneurship in Denmark. Currently the Government claims that the aim has not been reached. Based on the analysis prepared by the Danish Business Authority (Erhvervsstyrelsen) from September 2018 there are reasons to dissolve or transform all the existing IVS companies within the next two years and abrogate the IVS form from the Danish Companies Act completely. In this short essay, I briefly introduce the IVS company form and reflect on the Analysis prepared by the Danish Business Authority. I provide some thoughts on the substance of this Analysis and its key weaknesses when justifying their main outcomes, for which the IVS form is to be repealed - that these companies have, to a greater extent than expected, led to an increased risk of fraud and tax evasions. I conclude the article with few reflections on the minimum capital requirement, importance of legislative review and building entrepreneurship in Denmark. These conclusions are however universal and applicable across diverse jurisdictions.
Author: Troels Michael Lilja Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The article begins with a historical view on the legal development of minimum capital requirements for the private limited companies in Europe. An introduction to the historically very different approaches in Germany and England is given, and it is shown that the international trend moves towards the English regime where creditor protection largely rests on the responsibility of company members or management towards the company and its creditors. The Belgian entrepreneur company (SPRL-starter) and the Danish entrepreneur company (IVS) were introduced in 2010 and 2014, respectively. In both countries, they were introduced to avoid a boom of branches of foreign companies after the cases from ECJ, Centros, Überseering and Inspire Art. In April 2019, the opportunity to establish new entrepreneur companies was abolished in Denmark, and in May 2019, the same happened in Belgium. Even though it could indicate that the legal development in the two countries were alike, nothing could be more misleading. While Belgium followed the international trend and in reality abolished the minimum capital requirement for private limited companies, Denmark just abolished the IVS, while no real alternative to branches of foreign companies was introduced, leaving Denmark with the second highest minimum capital requirement in Europe, with a receding number of new businesses. At the same time, it leaves Denmark in the danger zone of having an invasion of branches of foreign low capital companies, with Danish entrepreneurs as shareholders.
Author: Alexandra Andhov Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1839108452 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
This comprehensive Practical Guide provides direction on the wide array of legal questions and challenges that start-ups face. The Guide features analysis from five jurisdictions that represent a variety of legal traditions across different continents. Expert contributors address key legal issues for technology-based start-ups and entrepreneurs, as well as providing insights into the law and practice of the countries examined.
Author: Hanne S. Birkmose Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9403508957 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
Whether the corporate form is used to avoid liabilities or cover illegal acts, or whether abuse is practised to obtain certain advantages, the subject of this first-ever in-depth survey and analysis garners more attention every day – both in legal literature and in popular media. Taken together, the authoritative contributions in this book clearly and comprehensively reveal typical situations where abuse may take place and how company law and other areas of law have tackled these incidents and practices in a variety of key jurisdictions. Focusing on Europe but with global implications, the topics raised include the following: how group structures may be used by multinational enterprises to escape regulation and avoid taxation; whether the decision to incorporate a company in a particular jurisdiction may be abusive; companies set up for the purpose of money laundering; letterbox companies formed as a front to allow a company to benefit from one legal regime and avoid others; ex post transfers of seats such as cross-border mergers and conversions; when the use of phoenix companies may constitute an abuse of the corporate form; how corporate mobility is used to circumvent worker participation; and how online company formation and technological innovation may foster abuse. This book helps to explain how the line is drawn between abuse and (creative) use of the corporate form. Remedies covered include restricting the use of bearer shares, setting minimum capital requirements, piercing the corporate veil, ensuring transparency of beneficial ownership, using insolvency law to lodge claims against directors and shareholders and recover assets, and applying the general principle prohibiting abuse. There is no other book on the market focusing on abuse of companies and giving such a comprehensive analysis of the topic. Practitioners will get guidelines on how to avoid becoming involved in activities that may constitute abuse and how to address instances where abuse has occurred, and interested academics, legislators, and enforcement authorities in Europe and beyond will find this book’s perspectives invaluable.
Author: Jesper Lindgaard Christensen Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000368726 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
This book explores the capacity of the Danish innovation system to respond to key societal challenges including the green imperative of achieving growth with environmental sustainability and the need to adapt to new and possibly disruptive changes in technology, often referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The book is divided into four main parts. The first describes the evolving characteristics of the Danish system of research and innovation with special attention to the role of policy at the national and regional levels. The second part focuses on interorganisational relations, including the position of Danish firms in national and global value chains. The third part examines changes in labour markets and in the educational and training system, and it considers the impact of new technologies including robotics and artificial intelligence on employment and skills. The fourth part turns to issues of climate change and environmental sustainability including an assessment of the Danish economy’s success in meeting the challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The book will be of particular interest to small countries, of which the Danish innovation system is representative, but it also appeals more broadly to an audience interested in innovation systems and policies to support economic development.
Author: Jesús Sanjurjo Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000869733 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
Taking the theme of 'abolition' as its point of departure, this book builds on the significant growth in scholarship on unfree labour in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean worlds during the past two decades. The essays included here revisit some of the persistent problems posed by the traditional comparative literature on slavery and indentured labour and identify new and exciting areas for future research. This book is intended for a broad audience, including scholars, students as well as for a general readership who have specific interests in the history of the slave trade, slavery and imperial history. It was originally published as a special issue of the journal, Atlantic Studies: Global Currents.
Author: Hanne S. Birkmose Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9403541733 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
European Company Law Series, Volume 19 Compelling new perspectives on corporate governance – including attention to increased shareholder engagement, long-term value creation, and sustainability – have given rise to major changes in the management of companies. Yet, until this book, there has been no systematic account of the legislative and soft law instruments designed to promote good corporate governance practices across the range of sizes and types of companies. The book analyses the various instruments that legislators and others have used to promote good corporate governance in European companies and assesses their value in practice. Nineteen well-known scholars of business and corporate law delve into how such issues and topics as the following are approached across the spectrum of corporate governance instruments available in Europe: corporate codes of conduct; procedural rules regulating how directors make decisions; rules on board composition and remuneration; regulating boards in small- and medium-sized enterprises; public enforcement of directors’ duties; how digitalisation may affect implementation of corporate governance instruments; reporting rules; rules on the empowerment of minority shareholders; the role of the general meeting; regulation of the market for corporate control; certifications; rules on liability of directors; and role of auditors and accountants. In its in-depth analysis of the benefits and potential disadvantages of each instrument and what may be achieved both at company level and generally, this book will prove of value to all concerned with promoting responsible corporate governance, whether in business, government, or academia.
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
The Danish economy recovered strongly from the pandemic, which contributed to inflation pressures from higher energy and import prices. More recently, there are signs that economic activity is cooling, as inflation is lowering real incomes, financial conditions are tightening, and external demand is weakening, but labor markets remain relatively tight. Staff expect growth to slow to 11⁄4 percent in 2023. Risks to growth are broadly balanced, but upside risks dominate inflation. The financial system has remained stable, although house prices have fallen. The medium-term growth outlook remains modest, reflecting well-known structural issues, in particular demographic headwinds.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264222286 Category : Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation (STI) policies, and performance in more than 45 economies, including OECD countries and major emerging economies.
Author: Alexandra Andhov
Author: Alexandra Andhov
Author: Troels Michael Lilja
Author: Alexandra Andhov
Author: Hanne S. Birkmose
Author: Jesper Lindgaard Christensen
Author: Jesús Sanjurjo
Author: OECD
Author: Hanne S. Birkmose
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Author: OECD