Author: Clarence Gus DittmerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cost and standard of living
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
A Study of the Standard of Living in North China
Author: Clarence Gus DittmerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cost and standard of living
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
Miscellaneous Publication
Author: Faith Moors WilliamsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 624
Book Description
Rural Standards of Living
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cost and standard of living
Languages : en
Pages : 88
Book Description
This bibliography was first issued in mimeographed form in August, 1930, and was used at the meeting of the American Country Life Association at the thirteenth National Country Life Conference, Madison, Wis., October, 1930.
China's Economic Rise
Author: Congressional Research ServicePublisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781976466953
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.
The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China
Author: Philip HuangPublisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804780995
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
The author presents a convincing new interpretation of the origins and nature of the agrarian crisis that gripped the North China Plain in the two centuries before the Revolution. His extensive research included eighteenth-century homicide case records, a nineteenth-century country government archive, large quantities of 1930's Japanese ethnographic materials, and his own field studies in 1980. Through a comparison of the histories of small family farms and larger scale managerial farms, the author documents and illustrates the long-term trends of agricultural commercialization, social stratification, and mounting population pressure in the peasant economy. He shows how those changes, in the absence of dynamic economic growth, combined over the course of several centuries to produce a majority, not simply of land-short peasants or of exploited tenants and agricultural laborers, but of poor peasants who required both family farming and agricultural wage income to survive. This interlocking of family farming with wage labor furnished a large supply of cheap labor, which in turn acted as a powerful brake of capital accumulation in the economy. The formation of such a poor peasantry ultimately altered both the nature of village communities and their relations with the elites and the state, creating tensions that led in the end to revolution.
Publication
Author: American Sociological SocietyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sociology
Languages : en
Pages : 880
Book Description
Studies of Rural Standards of Living
Author: Geneva Mae BaneThe Quarterly Journal of Economics
Author: Charles Franklin DunbarPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 776
Book Description
Vols. 1-22 include the section "Recent publications upon economics".
Publication of the American Sociological Society
Author: American Sociological AssociationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sociology
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description
List of members in v. 1,5-25,28 (supplemental list in v.26-27)
Papers and Proceedings
Author: American Sociological Society. Annual MeetingPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sociology
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
"Index to the Sociological papers and reports of the American Sociological Society, 1906-1930;" v. 25, p. 226-258.