A Study of Optical, Physical and Chemical Properties of Aerosols Using In-situ Measurements PDF Download

Author: Zahra Chaudhry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Ian Colbeck
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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An aerosol is a suspension of fine particles in a gas, usually air, and is generally taken to include both solid and liquid particles with dimensions ranging from a few nanometres up to around 100 micrometres in diameter. Aerosol sicence is the study of the physics and chemistry of aerosol behaviour and this includes techniques of generating particles of nanometre and micrometre dimensions: size classification and measurement, transport and deposition properties: chemical properties of aerosols in the atmosphere and in industry, as well as health effects from inhalation and industrial gas cleaning technology. Aerosols have important commercial implications, e.g. pressure-packaged `aerosol' products, agricultural sprays, atmospheric visibility and high technology materials and knowledge of aerosol properties is important in a wide range of disciplines, including industrial hygiene, air pollution, medicine, agriculture, meteorology and geochemistry. Written by an international team of contributors, this book forms a timely, concise and accessible overview of aerosol science and technology. Chemists, technologists and engineers new to aerosol science will find this book an essential companion in their studies of the subject. Those more familiar with aerosols will use it as an essential source of reference.

Author: Gerald William Grams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric aerosols
Languages : en
Pages : 113

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Scientists have been observing a change in the climate since the beginning of the 20th century that cannot be attributed to any of the natural influences of the past. Natural and anthropogenic substances and processes perturb the Earth's energy budget, contributing to climate change. In particular, aerosols (particles suspended in air) have long been recognized to be important in processes throughout the atmosphere that affect climate. They directly influence the radiative balance of the Earth's atmosphere, affect cloud formation and properties, and are also key air pollutants that contribute to a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Despite their importance, aerosol particles are less well-characterized than greenhouse gases with respect to their sources, temporal and spatial concentration distribution, and physical and chemical properties. This uncertainty is mainly caused by the variable and insufficiently understood sources, formation and transformation processes, and complex composition of atmospheric particles. Instruments that can precisely and accurately measure and characterize the aerosol physical and chemical properties are in great demand. Atmospheric relative humidity (RH) has a crucial impact on the particles' optical properties; the RH dependence of the particle extinction coefficient is an important parameter for radiative forcing and thus climate change modeling. In this work a Humidity-Controlled Cavity Ring-Down (HC-CRD) aerosol optical instrument is described and its ability to measure RH dependent extinction coefficients and related hygroscopicity parameters is characterized.

Author: Manfred Wendisch
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527653236
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 659

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This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques. The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device. While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.

Author: Ryan Christopher Moffet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Knowledge of aerosol physical, chemical, optical properties is essential for judging the effect that particulates have on human health, climate and visibility. The aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) is capable of measuring, in real-time, the size and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols. This was exemplified by the recent deployments of the ATOFMS to Mexico City and Riverside. The ATOFMS provided rapid information about the major particle types present in the atmosphere. Industrial sources of particles, such as fine mode particles containing lead, zinc and chloride were detected in Mexico City. The rapid time response of the ATOFMS was also exploited to characterize a coarse particle concentrator used in human health effects studies. The ATOFMS showed the ability to detect changes in particle composition with a time resolution of 15 min during short 2 hour human exposure studies.

Author: Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540499091
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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This new text offers experienced students a comprehensive review of available techniques for the remote sensing of aerosols. These small particles influence both atmospheric visibility and the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. They are also of great importance in any consideration of climate change problems. Aerosols may also be responsible for the loss of harvests, human health problems and ecological disasters. Thus, this detailed study of aerosol properties on a global scale could not be more timely.

Author: Kvetoslav R. Spurny
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351466585
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 499

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Until the 1980s, researchers studied and measured only the physical properties of aerosols. Since the 80s, however, interest in the physicochemcal properties of aerosols has grown tremendously. Scientists in environmental hygiene, medicine, and toxicology have recognized the importance held by the chemical composition and properties of aerosols and the interactions of inhaled, "bad" aerosols. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of modern aerosol analytical methods, sampling and separation procedures, and environmental applications, and offers critical reviews of the latest literature. This important field has developed rapidly in the last 15 years, but until now, no book effectively summarized or analyzed the existing research. Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols reviews procedures, techniques, and trends in the measurement and analysis of atmospheric aerosols. With contributions from acknowledged, international experts, the book discusses various methods of bulk analysis, single particle analysis, and the analysis of special aerosol systems, including fibrous and bacterial aerosols.

Author: Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309588871
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 542

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