Author: John P. Molloy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Book Description

Author: Christos Diamantopoulos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Book Description

Author: Josefine Hirschfeld
Publisher: Quintessenz Verlag
ISBN: 3868675574
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Book Description
The association between periodontitis and systemic diseases has become a hot topic in recent years. This comprehensive book reviews the clinical evidence and biological plausibility of the many systemic diseases that have been linked to periodontitis. Edited by Dr Josefine Hirschfeld and Prof Iain L.C. Chapple, experts in each field discuss the mechanisms at work, citing the available key literature and clearly summarising current knowledge and understanding of the associations between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory diseases, pregnancy and fertility, malignancy, neurodegenerative diseases, stress and depression, and autoimmunity. Each chapter critically appraises the existing evidence, providing comprehensive, contemporary and well-considered insights into the clinical evidence and biological plausibility of each condition, as well as the limitations of existing studies and how these can be overcome in the future. Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases: Clinical Evidence and Biological Plausibility is an indispensable reference for both clinicians and researchers.

Author: Kim A. Brogden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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Book Description
Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.

Author: Willem Van Eden
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000148513
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 606

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Book Description
Provides a thorough overview of current knowledge of stress proteins in both normal and disease physiology and evaluates the potential for developing novel diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic approaches to control human disease based on the latest stress-protein research.

Author: Ronald G. Craig
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662496992
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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Book Description
A Clinician’s Guide to Systemic Effects of Periodontal Diseases will serve as an ideal, easy-to-use reference for the practicing health professional. It summarizes the latest research on the systemic effects of periodontal diseases, discusses how the results of this research will impact on clinical practice, and aims to help the clinician to answer questions that may be posed by patients, medical colleagues, and the media. A central theme is the contribution of periodontal diseases to systemic inflammation but other mechanisms, such as systemic dissemination of oral pathogens, are also covered. A collaborative approach involving noted investigators in each field and medical colleagues ensures that all chapters are of clinical relevance from both a dental and a medical perspective. The book is also visually engaging, with numerous summary figures and graphics, bullet point tables, and highlight boxes identifying the most clinically significant points.

Author: Sukhvinder Singh Oberoi
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659186394
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 268

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Book Description
Physicians and Dentists have paid close attention to their own respective fields, specializing in medicine pertaining to the body and oral cavity, respectively. However, recent findings have strongly suggested that oral health may be indicative of systemic health. Currently, this gap between allopathic medicine and dental medicine is quickly closing, due to significant findings supporting association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and osteoporosis. Significant effort has brought numerous advances in revealing the etiological and pathological links between this chronic inflammatory dental disease and systemic conditions. Therefore, the strong evidence from these studies may guide researchers towards greatly improving treatment of periodontal infection that would also ameliorate these systemic illnesses. Hence, researchers must continue not only to uncover more information about the correlations between periodontal and systemic diseases but also to focus on positive associations that may result from treating periodontal disease as a means of ameliorating systemic diseases.

Author: Ngozi Nnonyelum Nwizu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 434

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Book Description
Background: Periodontal disease typically presents as a chronic, low grade inflammatory process involving the periodontium. However, it also has the potential to produce systemic effects at distant organs sites and has been linked to several systemic conditions including cancer. Epidemiological studies on the association between periodontal disease and cancer risk are however limited, but most suggest a positive association. Only three studies (3) so far have examined total cancer risk in a prospective study. With respect to individual cancer sites, to our knowledge, no large epidemiological prospective study has examined the association between periodontal disease and colorectal cancer. This is in spite of evidence from experimental studies linking an established periodontal pathogen, Fusobacterium nucleatum, to premalignant and cancerous lesions of the colorectum. This prospective study evaluated the association between periodontal disease and risk of diagnosis of incident total-, as well as, colorectal cancer. Since periodontal disease may influence cancer risk through its ability to induce a chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation, and serum CRP is an established biomarker of systemic inflammation; this study also investigated the association between prevalence and severity of measured periodontal disease, and serum hsCRP levels. Furthermore, independent evaluations of the role of active gingival inflammation, and presence of select periodontal pathogens, in influencing serum hsCRP levels respectively were conducted. Potential interactions of each of these measures with periodontal disease in relation to serum hsCRP levels were also explored. Methods: These studies were conducted utilizing data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). The study included three aims. Aim 1: evaluated the associations between periodontal disease and total cancer; Aim 2: evaluated the association of periodontal disease and colorectal cancer; and Aim 3 evaluated the association of periodontal disease and serum CRP levels. For the total cancer risk study, an analytic cohort of 65,869 postmenopausal women was used, while the colorectal cancer risk study involved 78,835 postmenopausal women. Periodontal disease status for these 2 studies was determined by self-report from the Year 5 Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) follow-up questionnaire administered from 1999 through 2003. These women were between the ages of 54-86 years at the time the periodontal questionnaire was administered and were followed up for a maximum period of 15 years. Total cancer and colorectal cancer were evaluated using the first diagnosis of any incident cancer or colorectal cancer reported after the year-5 visit respectively.^Adjudication of cancer cases was determined via medical records by physicians. The risk of diagnosis of incident total-, regional-, site-specific and colorectal cancers were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. For the association between periodontal disease and serum CRP levels, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from 620 postmenopausal women (aged 53-83 years) in an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) in Buffalo NY, the OsteoPerio Study. Periodontal disease status was determined using clinical measures based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) clinical case definition for periodontal disease; and independent measures of whole mouth mean, and worst site involvement of periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), respectively. Serum hsCRP concentration was evaluated using an immunoturbidimetric assay. Mean percentage of bleeding sites on gentle probing (>50% cut point), was used to confirm the presence of active gingival inflammation; while presence of select periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella Forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus), were detected by immunofluorescence and phase contrast microscopy using pooled sub-gingival plaque samples. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: 7,678 cases of primary incident cancer were diagnosed over a mean follow-up of 8. 32 years. Periodontal disease history was associated with a 12% statistically significant increased risk of diagnosis of cancer overall, after adjusting for potential confounders [HR 1. 12, 95% CI 1. 07-1. 18]. This finding remained significant among the sample of 34,097 women who had never smoked [HR 1. 11, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 20]. Statistically significant associations were also observed for cancers of the breast [HR 1. 10, 95% CI 1. 01-1. 19]; lung [HR 1. 31, 95% CI 1. 14-1. 51]; esophagus [HR 3. 28, 95% CI 1. 64-6. 53]; gallbladder [HR 1. 73, 95% CI 1. 01-2. 95]; and melanoma skin cancers [HR 1. 23, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 48]. There was a near significant association with stomach cancer [HR 1. 58, 95% CI 0. 94-2. 67], but no associations with cancers of the pancreas or genitourinary system. There was no association between periodontal disease and risk diagnosis of colorectal cancer, after adjusting for potential confounders [hazard ratio (HR) = 1. 08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 92-1. 26]. Similarly, no associations were observed with respect to anatomic location (colon, rectum and recto-sigmoid cancers) and tumor characteristics respectively. There was significant interaction between periodontal disease and diagnosis of colorectal cancer according to hormone therapy (HT) use (p =0. 03), and stratified analyses suggest current HT users, particularly of estrogen plus progestin (E+P), with a history of periodontal disease have a higher risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer [HR =1. 76, 95% CI: 1. 20-2. 59]. This effect was enhanced on restriction to colon cancer alone [HR =2. 02, 95% CI: 1. 34-3. 05}. However, dose-response effect was not consistent with time on HT use. Other results from our study indicate that participants with "severe" periodontal disease according to the CDC/AAP Clinical Case Definition demonstrated an almost 2-fold higher odds of having high serum CRP concentrations (>3. 0mg/l), compared to those with no/mild disease, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 1. 86, 95% CI 1. 06-3. 27). Positive, linear, but statistically insignificant associations were observed between whole mouth mean and worst site PPD and CAL measures. None of the select pathogens examined (alone or in groups), or the presence of active gingival inflammation evidenced by percentage of sites that bled on probing (>50%), were associated with serum hsCRP levels. Also, no significant interaction effects were observed between periodontal disease, and any of the pathogens, (alone or in groups), or mean percentage bleeding sites (>50% cut point), on the serum hsCRP concentrations. Conclusion: Periodontal disease may enhance the risk of being diagnosed with total cancer risk in postmenopausal women; this finding persisted when restricting to never smokers. This risk appears to be higher for certain anatomic sites, particularly those in close proximity to the oral cavity such as the esophagus and upper gastrointestinal regions, but does not appear to extend to lower gastrointestinal tract sites such as the colon and rectum. The observed association between women with periodontal disease who are on hormone therapy and risk of being diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer requires further exploration, and we cannot rule out that it may be due to chance. This study also affirms that chronic inflammation may be one mechanism by which periodontal disease is associated with cancer risk. Additional research in other prospective cohorts is needed.

Author: Daisuke Ekuni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461495571
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Book Description
The chapters of Studies on Periodontal Disease comprise four parts. Part 1 provides basic sciences from the general to the particular. The findings of cell culture and animal models supply the mechanism between periodontal disease and oxidative stress. In part 2, human clinical studies are mainly addressed. The effects of periodontal therapy on circulating oxidative stress are also discussed. The relationships between periodontal disease and systemic diseases are examined in part 3. The involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation are discussed through in vivo and in vitro study results. Part 4 discusses future strategies, including the effects of antioxidants and nutrition on periodontal disease. This thorough examination of the relationship between oxidative stress and periodontal disease is essential reading for researchers in oxidative stress and periodontal clinicians, alike.

Author: Alexandrina L Dumitrescu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642006791
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 135

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Book Description
Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial disease and its susceptibility is genetically determined. The present book systematically reviews the evidence of the association between the genetic variants and periodontitis progression and/or treatment outcomes. Genetic syndromes known to be associated with periodontal disease, the candidate gene polymorphisms investigated in relation to periodontitis, the heritability of chronic and aggressive periodontitis, as well as common guidelines for association studies are described. This growing understanding of the role of genetic variation in inflammation and periodontal chronic disease presents opportunities to identify healthy persons who are at increased risk of disease and to potentially modify the trajectory of disease to prolong healthy aging. The book represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the presently valid answers. Connections between genetics and periodontology are systematically reviewed and covered in detail.