A Strategy for the Management of the Exotic Aquatic Plant Trapa Natans L. and Comparison of Phenology in a Lentic Versus an Estuarine Environment PDF Download

Author: Barbara A. Methe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104

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Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461303931
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427

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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.

Author: Wade Peterson Simmons
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Water chestnut, Trapa natans, is a non-native aquatic plant with floating rosettes of leaves that has established and continues to spread in northeastern North America. Growing in calm freshwater environments, T. natans can grow densely on water surfaces, transforming open waters into thick floating beds of vegetation. Replacement of open waters with T. natans can, in turn, shift fundamental ecosystem processes, with implications for water quality and biological communities. In the first chapter of this thesis, I present seasonal dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentrations of water samples collected from within and outside of three T. natans beds in New York State, US. These environmental characteristics are known to be impacted in other habitats invaded by T. natans and can prompt cascading changes in ecosystem dynamics. Dissolved oxygen concentrations within Trapa beds were consistently at hypoxic levels throughout summer months, and nitrate concentrations were extremely low relative to samples taken upstream of Trapa beds. I explored denitrification as a mechanism for nitrate removal in Trapa beds with laboratory mesocosm incubations using field collected water and sediment. Concentrations of N2, a denitrification product, were higher in sites within Trapa beds, but rates of changes in N2 did not differ in the presence of Trapa, suggesting that we did not fully capture denitrification dynamics in the experiment. Due to the ecological transformations that can occur when Trapa establishes in a waterbody, the plant is a target for environmental management. Despite intensive efforts, attempts to control the plant with chemical and mechanical means have largely been unsuccessful. Biological control is the only feasible control method capable of landscape-level and long-term control of the plant. Research on the biological control of Trapa with Galerucella birmanica, a specialist leaf-feeding beetle species was re-established in 2016. In the second chapter of this thesis, I present host-specificity data of G. birmanica, a required test protocol used to gauge risks to native species from any potential biological control insect. We tested 57 plant species in the presence of G. birmanica and recorded host-acceptance behaviors in no-choice and multiple choice tests. With these data, we test the prediction that non-target feeding damage is more likely on plant species phylogenetically related to water chestnut. We find evidence in support of that prediction, but find that the host-associations of congeneric beetles are a better predictor of G. birmanica feeding behavior, an uncommon result for host-specificity testing and biological control research, but not without precedent in plant-insect interaction science. In addition, we tested G. birmanica performance and preference on multiple populations of North American Trapa, including two distinct morphotypes, and find evidence that G. birmanica can utilize all populations tested, raising hopes for effective biological control of the diverse populations of Trapa in North America.

Author: David F. Fink
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic plants
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: Lyn A. Gettys
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780615326467
Category : Aquatic weeds
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Biology and Control of Aquatic Plants: A Best Management Practices Handbook is the fourth edition of a handbook produced by the not for profit Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Foundation (AERF). The mission of the AERF is to support research and development which provides strategies and techniques for the environmentally and scientifically sound management, conservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems. One way the Foundation accomplishes this mission is by producing this handbook to provide information to the public regarding the benefits of aquatic ecosystem conservation and aquatic plant management. The first, second and third editions of this handbook became some of the most widely consulted references in the aquatic plant management community. This fourth edition has been specifically designed with water resource managers, water management associations, homeowners and customers and operators of aquatic plant management companies and districts in mind. Our goal in preparing this handbook is to provide basic, scientifically sound information to assist decision-makers with their water management questions.

Author: Joseph Caffrey
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789048154043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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There is a growing need for appropriate management of aquatic plants in rivers and canals, lakes and reservoirs, and drainage channels and urban waterways. This management must be based on a sound knowledge of the ecology of freshwater plants, their distribution and the different forms of control available including chemical and physical, and biological and biomanipulation. This series of papers from over 20 different countries was generated from the tenth in the highly successful series of European Weed Research Society symposia on aquatic plant management, this being the tenth. It provides a valuable insight into the complexities involved in managing aquatic systems, discusses state-of-the-art control techniques and deals with patterns of regrowth and recovery post-management. Careful consideration is given to the use of chemicals, a practice which has come under scrutiny in recent years. Underpinning the development of such control techniques is a growing body of knowledge relating to the biology and ecology of water plants. The authorship of the papers represents the collective wisdom of leading scientists and experts from fisheries agencies, river authorities, nature conservation agencies, the agrochemical industry and both governmental and non-governmental organisations.

Author: George J. Pesacreta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29

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Phenology and carbohydrate literature for waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle), Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), and alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griesb) was surveyed to assess the feasibility of using phenology/carbohydrate relationships for improving control tactics. Many studies have examined phenology of waterhyacinth, hydrilla, and Eurasian watermilfoil, but not alligatorweed. Phenology of monoecious and dioecious biotypes of hydrilla differs in growth pattern and propagule development. The monoecious biotype appears to be better adapted than the dioecious biotype to live at Northern latitudes because of its ability to produce more tubers and turions at lower water temperatures. A few investigations involving Eurasian watermilfoil and alligatorweed suggested that control efforts directed at the low ebb of carbohydrates will decrease biomass production. Little information on carbohydrate partitioning has been reported for waterhyacinth and hydrilla. Previous studies of these plants have not evaluated the role of starch reserves for plant survival. Environmental factors (e.g., temperature, light, and nutrients) have been shown to influence phenology and, by inference, carbohydrate partitioning. How these factors control carbohydrate partitioning in these plants is unknown. Phenological and carbohydrate relationships have not been fully developed to allow plant control programs to take advantage of weak points in a plant's life cycle. Keywords: Weed control; Aquatic weeds. (KT).

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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To improve hydrilla management, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Aquatic Plant Control Research Program supports studies in four main technology areas-Biological Control, Chemical Control, Ecological, and Simulation Technologies. The Biological Control Technology area is investigating tungal pathogens and insects as potential biocontrol agents for controlling hydrilla populations. The Chemical Control Technology area examines concentration and exposure times required for aquatic herbicides and evaluates their use on an operational level. The Ecological Technology area examines the environmental parameters that determine the distribution and abundance of hydrilla. The Simulation Technology area has been developing growth models for hydrilla, as well as predictive models for specific control techniques used on the species, such as herbicides, harvesting, or triploid grass carp. The success of any management technique for nuisance aquatic plants is increased when applied at the optimal time. Phenological studies provide managers with the information needed to identify weak points in the life cycles of target plants, during which control measures can be applied with optimum effect. Another objective in studying the phenological cycles of target species is to identify biological parameters that affect management strategies.

Author: David Dudgeon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108882625
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 517

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Growing human populations and higher demands for water impose increasing impacts and stresses upon freshwater biodiversity. Their combined effects have made these animals more endangered than their terrestrial and marine counterparts. Overuse and contamination of water, overexploitation and overfishing, introduction of alien species, and alteration of natural flow regimes have led to a 'great thinning' and declines in abundance of freshwater animals, a 'great shrinking' in body size with reductions in large species, and a 'great mixing' whereby the spread of introduced species has tended to homogenize previously dissimilar communities in different parts of the world. Climate change and warming temperatures will alter global water availability, and exacerbate the other threat factors. What conservation action is needed to halt or reverse these trends, and preserve freshwater biodiversity in a rapidly changing world? This book offers the tools and approaches that can be deployed to help conserve freshwater biodiversity.

Author: Martin T. Dokulil
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319932705
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405

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Here we report on a 25-year long-term sequence of measures to return a deteriorated recreational urban lake, Alte Donau in Vienna to acceptable water quality. Metropolitan waters require focused ecosystem management plans and intensive in-lake efforts. We explored physico-chemical conditions, food web from viruses to fish and water birds, the sediments, the littoral zone and the catchment, management and urban planning, and global warming. Several restoration techniques were tested and critically evaluated. The final management plan was based on bi-stable theory. During the recovery phase, numerous surplus adjustments had to be implemented to secure sustainable achievement.